diff --git a/database/migrations/0001_01_01_000000_create_users_table.php b/database/migrations/0001_01_01_000000_create_users_table.php
index 40e9891..3914e2d 100644
--- a/database/migrations/0001_01_01_000000_create_users_table.php
+++ b/database/migrations/0001_01_01_000000_create_users_table.php
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ public function up(): void
             $table->timestamp('last_login_at')->nullable();
             $table->timestamp('last_password_change_at')->nullable();
             $table->timestamp('created_at')->useCurrent();
-            $table->timestamp('updated_at')->useCurrent()->useCurrentOnUpdate();
+            $table->timestamp('updated_at')->nullable()->useCurrentOnUpdate();
             $table->softDeletes();
         });
 
diff --git a/database/migrations/2022_12_14_083707_create_settings_table.php b/database/migrations/2022_12_14_083707_create_settings_table.php
index 9b14b86..b66a36f 100644
--- a/database/migrations/2022_12_14_083707_create_settings_table.php
+++ b/database/migrations/2022_12_14_083707_create_settings_table.php
@@ -16,7 +16,8 @@ public function up()
             $table->boolean('locked')->default(false);
             $table->json('payload');
 
-            $table->timestamps();
+            $table->timestamp('created_at')->useCurrent();
+            $table->timestamp('updated_at')->useCurrent()->useCurrentOnUpdate();
 
             $table->unique(['group', 'name']);
         });
diff --git a/database/migrations/2025_09_13_034842_create_employees_table.php b/database/migrations/2025_09_13_034842_create_employees_table.php
index 7abafb1..dc0466b 100644
--- a/database/migrations/2025_09_13_034842_create_employees_table.php
+++ b/database/migrations/2025_09_13_034842_create_employees_table.php
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ public function up(): void
             $table->date('resign_date')->nullable();
             $table->enum('status', [EmploymentStatus::values()])->default(EmploymentStatus::PERMANENT)->comment(EmploymentStatus::comment());
             $table->timestamp('created_at')->useCurrent();
-            $table->timestamp('updated_at')->useCurrent()->useCurrentOnUpdate();
+            $table->timestamp('updated_at')->nullable()->useCurrentOnUpdate();
             $table->softDeletes();
         });
     }
diff --git a/database/migrations/2025_09_13_045752_create_outlets_table.php b/database/migrations/2025_09_13_045752_create_outlets_table.php
index 3d100fd..f904153 100644
--- a/database/migrations/2025_09_13_045752_create_outlets_table.php
+++ b/database/migrations/2025_09_13_045752_create_outlets_table.php
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ public function up(): void
             $table->date('opened_date');
             $table->date('closed_date')->nullable();
             $table->timestamp('created_at')->useCurrent();
-            $table->timestamp('updated_at')->useCurrent()->useCurrentOnUpdate();
+            $table->timestamp('updated_at')->nullable()->useCurrentOnUpdate();
             $table->softDeletes();
         });
     }
diff --git a/database/migrations/2025_09_24_130401_create_opening_hours_table.php b/database/migrations/2025_09_24_130401_create_opening_hours_table.php
index 6fab3eb..bb4327a 100644
--- a/database/migrations/2025_09_24_130401_create_opening_hours_table.php
+++ b/database/migrations/2025_09_24_130401_create_opening_hours_table.php
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ public function up(): void
             $table->time('open_time')->nullable();
             $table->time('close_time')->nullable();
             $table->timestamp('created_at')->useCurrent();
-            $table->timestamp('updated_at')->useCurrent()->useCurrentOnUpdate();
+            $table->timestamp('updated_at')->nullable()->useCurrentOnUpdate();
             $table->softDeletes();
         });
     }
diff --git a/database/migrations/2025_09_24_130406_create_facilities_table.php b/database/migrations/2025_09_24_130406_create_facilities_table.php
index c664e52..e9a78c3 100644
--- a/database/migrations/2025_09_24_130406_create_facilities_table.php
+++ b/database/migrations/2025_09_24_130406_create_facilities_table.php
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ public function up(): void
             $table->foreignId('outlet_id')->constrained()->cascadeOnDelete();
             $table->string('name', 30);
             $table->timestamp('created_at')->useCurrent();
-            $table->timestamp('updated_at')->useCurrent()->useCurrentOnUpdate();
+            $table->timestamp('updated_at')->nullable()->useCurrentOnUpdate();
             $table->softDeletes();
         });
     }
diff --git a/database/migrations/2025_09_24_141358_create_tiers_table.php b/database/migrations/2025_09_24_141358_create_tiers_table.php
index db86dac..dc43561 100644
--- a/database/migrations/2025_09_24_141358_create_tiers_table.php
+++ b/database/migrations/2025_09_24_141358_create_tiers_table.php
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ public function up(): void
             $table->unsignedInteger('min_points');
             $table->unsignedInteger('max_points')->nullable();
             $table->timestamp('created_at')->useCurrent();
-            $table->timestamp('updated_at')->useCurrent()->useCurrentOnUpdate();
+            $table->timestamp('updated_at')->nullable()->useCurrentOnUpdate();
             $table->softDeletes();
         });
     }
diff --git a/database/migrations/2025_09_25_125559_create_vouchers_table.php b/database/migrations/2025_09_25_125559_create_vouchers_table.php
index d459ef5..1d94dfb 100644
--- a/database/migrations/2025_09_25_125559_create_vouchers_table.php
+++ b/database/migrations/2025_09_25_125559_create_vouchers_table.php
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ public function up(): void
             $table->date('start_date');
             $table->date('end_date')->nullable();
             $table->timestamp('created_at')->useCurrent();
-            $table->timestamp('updated_at')->useCurrent()->useCurrentOnUpdate();
+            $table->timestamp('updated_at')->nullable()->useCurrentOnUpdate();
             $table->softDeletes();
         });
     }
diff --git a/database/migrations/2025_09_29_062630_create_categories_table.php b/database/migrations/2025_09_29_062630_create_categories_table.php
index 4587611..84dce9e 100644
--- a/database/migrations/2025_09_29_062630_create_categories_table.php
+++ b/database/migrations/2025_09_29_062630_create_categories_table.php
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ public function up(): void
             $table->text('description')->nullable();
             $table->unsignedInteger('sort_order');
             $table->timestamp('created_at')->useCurrent();
-            $table->timestamp('updated_at')->useCurrent()->useCurrentOnUpdate();
+            $table->timestamp('updated_at')->nullable()->useCurrentOnUpdate();
             $table->softDeletes();
         });
     }
diff --git a/database/migrations/2025_09_29_104530_create_brands_table.php b/database/migrations/2025_09_29_104530_create_brands_table.php
index 17ec6a9..fef20dc 100644
--- a/database/migrations/2025_09_29_104530_create_brands_table.php
+++ b/database/migrations/2025_09_29_104530_create_brands_table.php
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ public function up(): void
             $table->string('slug', 30);
             $table->unsignedInteger('sort_order');
             $table->timestamp('created_at')->useCurrent();
-            $table->timestamp('updated_at')->useCurrent()->useCurrentOnUpdate();
+            $table->timestamp('updated_at')->nullable()->useCurrentOnUpdate();
             $table->softDeletes();
         });
     }
diff --git a/database/migrations/2025_09_30_015446_create_outlet_voucher_table.php b/database/migrations/2025_09_30_015446_create_outlet_voucher_table.php
index 8939994..dd0ae4f 100644
--- a/database/migrations/2025_09_30_015446_create_outlet_voucher_table.php
+++ b/database/migrations/2025_09_30_015446_create_outlet_voucher_table.php
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ public function up(): void
             $table->foreignId('outlet_id')->constrained()->cascadeOnDelete();
             $table->foreignId('voucher_id')->constrained()->cascadeOnDelete();
             $table->timestamp('created_at')->useCurrent();
-            $table->timestamp('updated_at')->useCurrent()->useCurrentOnUpdate();
+            $table->timestamp('updated_at')->nullable()->useCurrentOnUpdate();
         });
     }
 
diff --git a/database/migrations/2025_09_30_031349_create_customers_table.php b/database/migrations/2025_09_30_031349_create_customers_table.php
index 51d3d98..4ff850a 100644
--- a/database/migrations/2025_09_30_031349_create_customers_table.php
+++ b/database/migrations/2025_09_30_031349_create_customers_table.php
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ public function up(): void
             $table->string('phone_number', 20)->nullable();
             $table->enum('gender', [Gender::values()])->comment(Gender::comment());
             $table->timestamp('created_at')->useCurrent();
-            $table->timestamp('updated_at')->useCurrent()->useCurrentOnUpdate();
+            $table->timestamp('updated_at')->nullable()->useCurrentOnUpdate();
             $table->softDeletes();
         });
     }
diff --git a/database/migrations/2025_09_30_042232_create_memberships_table.php b/database/migrations/2025_09_30_042232_create_memberships_table.php
index a6e07e9..c4eb12b 100644
--- a/database/migrations/2025_09_30_042232_create_memberships_table.php
+++ b/database/migrations/2025_09_30_042232_create_memberships_table.php
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ public function up(): void
             $table->unsignedInteger('reward_points')->default(0);
             $table->timestamp('last_transaction_at')->nullable();
             $table->timestamp('created_at')->useCurrent();
-            $table->timestamp('updated_at')->useCurrent()->useCurrentOnUpdate();
+            $table->timestamp('updated_at')->nullable()->useCurrentOnUpdate();
             $table->softDeletes();
         });
     }
diff --git a/database/migrations/2025_10_01_083444_create_referral_codes_table.php b/database/migrations/2025_10_01_083444_create_referral_codes_table.php
index e044653..aa1fa47 100644
--- a/database/migrations/2025_10_01_083444_create_referral_codes_table.php
+++ b/database/migrations/2025_10_01_083444_create_referral_codes_table.php
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ public function up(): void
             $table->string('code', 20)->unique();
             $table->unsignedInteger('uses_count')->default(0);
             $table->timestamp('created_at')->useCurrent();
-            $table->timestamp('updated_at')->useCurrent()->useCurrentOnUpdate();
+            $table->timestamp('updated_at')->nullable()->useCurrentOnUpdate();
             $table->softDeletes();
         });
     }
diff --git a/database/migrations/2025_10_01_083554_create_referral_usages_table.php b/database/migrations/2025_10_01_083554_create_referral_usages_table.php
index 039a7b9..c384a17 100644
--- a/database/migrations/2025_10_01_083554_create_referral_usages_table.php
+++ b/database/migrations/2025_10_01_083554_create_referral_usages_table.php
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ public function up(): void
             $table->foreignId('user_id')->constrained()->cascadeOnDelete();
             $table->foreignId('referral_code_id')->constrained()->cascadeOnDelete();
             $table->timestamp('created_at')->useCurrent();
-            $table->timestamp('updated_at')->useCurrent()->useCurrentOnUpdate();
+            $table->timestamp('updated_at')->nullable()->useCurrentOnUpdate();
         });
     }
 
diff --git a/database/migrations/2025_10_01_112147_create_perfumes_table.php b/database/migrations/2025_10_01_112147_create_perfumes_table.php
index 125a030..9d56ecb 100644
--- a/database/migrations/2025_10_01_112147_create_perfumes_table.php
+++ b/database/migrations/2025_10_01_112147_create_perfumes_table.php
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ public function up(): void
             $table->string('top_notes')->nullable();
             $table->text('description')->nullable();
             $table->timestamp('created_at')->useCurrent();
-            $table->timestamp('updated_at')->useCurrent()->useCurrentOnUpdate();
+            $table->timestamp('updated_at')->nullable()->useCurrentOnUpdate();
             $table->softDeletes();
         });
     }
diff --git a/database/migrations/2025_10_01_112210_create_category_perfume_table.php b/database/migrations/2025_10_01_112210_create_category_perfume_table.php
index cc01d16..675ead3 100644
--- a/database/migrations/2025_10_01_112210_create_category_perfume_table.php
+++ b/database/migrations/2025_10_01_112210_create_category_perfume_table.php
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ public function up(): void
             $table->foreignId('category_id')->constrained()->cascadeOnDelete();
             $table->foreignId('perfume_id')->constrained()->cascadeOnDelete();
             $table->timestamp('created_at')->useCurrent();
-            $table->timestamp('updated_at')->useCurrent()->useCurrentOnUpdate();
+            $table->timestamp('updated_at')->nullable()->useCurrentOnUpdate();
         });
     }
 
diff --git a/database/migrations/2025_10_01_123039_create_outlet_perfume_table.php b/database/migrations/2025_10_01_123039_create_outlet_perfume_table.php
index 03e860b..0eb66a7 100644
--- a/database/migrations/2025_10_01_123039_create_outlet_perfume_table.php
+++ b/database/migrations/2025_10_01_123039_create_outlet_perfume_table.php
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ public function up(): void
             $table->foreignId('perfume_id')->constrained()->cascadeOnDelete();
             $table->unsignedInteger('stock')->default(0);
             $table->timestamp('created_at')->useCurrent();
-            $table->timestamp('updated_at')->useCurrent()->useCurrentOnUpdate();
+            $table->timestamp('updated_at')->nullable()->useCurrentOnUpdate();
         });
     }
 
diff --git a/database/migrations/2025_10_02_013524_create_products_table.php b/database/migrations/2025_10_02_013524_create_products_table.php
index 5c3771f..1b58970 100644
--- a/database/migrations/2025_10_02_013524_create_products_table.php
+++ b/database/migrations/2025_10_02_013524_create_products_table.php
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ public function up(): void
             $table->unsignedInteger('point_per_pcs');
             $table->text('description')->nullable();
             $table->timestamp('created_at')->useCurrent();
-            $table->timestamp('updated_at')->useCurrent()->useCurrentOnUpdate();
+            $table->timestamp('updated_at')->nullable()->useCurrentOnUpdate();
             $table->softDeletes();
         });
     }
diff --git a/database/migrations/2025_10_02_013530_create_outlet_product_table.php b/database/migrations/2025_10_02_013530_create_outlet_product_table.php
index b09ee6a..162c818 100644
--- a/database/migrations/2025_10_02_013530_create_outlet_product_table.php
+++ b/database/migrations/2025_10_02_013530_create_outlet_product_table.php
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ public function up(): void
             $table->foreignId('product_id')->constrained()->cascadeOnDelete();
             $table->unsignedInteger('stock')->default(0);
             $table->timestamp('created_at')->useCurrent();
-            $table->timestamp('updated_at')->useCurrent()->useCurrentOnUpdate();
+            $table->timestamp('updated_at')->nullable()->useCurrentOnUpdate();
         });
     }
 
diff --git a/database/migrations/2025_10_02_020223_create_bottles_table.php b/database/migrations/2025_10_02_020223_create_bottles_table.php
index d2139b5..bedcb4a 100644
--- a/database/migrations/2025_10_02_020223_create_bottles_table.php
+++ b/database/migrations/2025_10_02_020223_create_bottles_table.php
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ public function up(): void
             $table->unsignedInteger('point_per_pcs');
             $table->text('description')->nullable();
             $table->timestamp('created_at')->useCurrent();
-            $table->timestamp('updated_at')->useCurrent()->useCurrentOnUpdate();
+            $table->timestamp('updated_at')->nullable()->useCurrentOnUpdate();
             $table->softDeletes();
         });
     }
diff --git a/database/migrations/2025_10_02_020233_create_bottle_outlet_table.php b/database/migrations/2025_10_02_020233_create_bottle_outlet_table.php
index 4717c1b..40c5296 100644
--- a/database/migrations/2025_10_02_020233_create_bottle_outlet_table.php
+++ b/database/migrations/2025_10_02_020233_create_bottle_outlet_table.php
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ public function up(): void
             $table->foreignId('outlet_id')->constrained()->cascadeOnDelete();
             $table->unsignedInteger('stock')->default(0);
             $table->timestamp('created_at')->useCurrent();
-            $table->timestamp('updated_at')->useCurrent()->useCurrentOnUpdate();
+            $table->timestamp('updated_at')->nullable()->useCurrentOnUpdate();
         });
     }
 
diff --git a/database/migrations/2025_10_02_114249_create_expenses_table.php b/database/migrations/2025_10_02_114249_create_expenses_table.php
index c9b0ed9..e1ea1ae 100644
--- a/database/migrations/2025_10_02_114249_create_expenses_table.php
+++ b/database/migrations/2025_10_02_114249_create_expenses_table.php
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ public function up(): void
             $table->string('description', 100);
             $table->enum('type', ExpenseType::values())->comment(ExpenseType::comment());
             $table->timestamp('created_at')->useCurrent();
-            $table->timestamp('updated_at')->useCurrent()->useCurrentOnUpdate();
+            $table->timestamp('updated_at')->nullable()->useCurrentOnUpdate();
             $table->softDeletes();
         });
     }
diff --git a/database/migrations/2025_10_02_131611_create_permission_tables.php b/database/migrations/2025_10_02_131611_create_permission_tables.php
index f2ee6b4..196266f 100644
--- a/database/migrations/2025_10_02_131611_create_permission_tables.php
+++ b/database/migrations/2025_10_02_131611_create_permission_tables.php
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ public function up(): void
             $table->string('name');       // For MyISAM use string('name', 225); // (or 166 for InnoDB with Redundant/Compact row format)
             $table->string('guard_name'); // For MyISAM use string('guard_name', 25);
             $table->timestamp('created_at')->useCurrent();
-            $table->timestamp('updated_at')->useCurrent()->useCurrentOnUpdate();
+            $table->timestamp('updated_at')->nullable()->useCurrentOnUpdate();
 
             $table->unique(['name', 'guard_name']);
         });
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ public function up(): void
             $table->string('name');       // For MyISAM use string('name', 225); // (or 166 for InnoDB with Redundant/Compact row format)
             $table->string('guard_name'); // For MyISAM use string('guard_name', 25);
             $table->timestamp('created_at')->useCurrent();
-            $table->timestamp('updated_at')->useCurrent()->useCurrentOnUpdate();
+            $table->timestamp('updated_at')->nullable()->useCurrentOnUpdate();
             if ($teams || config('permission.testing')) {
                 $table->unique([$columnNames['team_foreign_key'], 'name', 'guard_name']);
             } else {
diff --git a/database/migrations/2025_10_03_010257_create_outlet_user_table.php b/database/migrations/2025_10_03_010257_create_outlet_user_table.php
index 863e701..5f9fb46 100644
--- a/database/migrations/2025_10_03_010257_create_outlet_user_table.php
+++ b/database/migrations/2025_10_03_010257_create_outlet_user_table.php
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ public function up(): void
             $table->foreignId('outlet_id')->constrained()->cascadeOnDelete();
             $table->foreignId('user_id')->constrained()->cascadeOnDelete();
             $table->timestamp('created_at')->useCurrent();
-            $table->timestamp('updated_at')->useCurrent()->useCurrentOnUpdate();
+            $table->timestamp('updated_at')->nullable()->useCurrentOnUpdate();
         });
     }
 
diff --git a/database/migrations/2025_10_03_025736_create_articles_table.php b/database/migrations/2025_10_03_025736_create_articles_table.php
index e377e81..0e013b6 100644
--- a/database/migrations/2025_10_03_025736_create_articles_table.php
+++ b/database/migrations/2025_10_03_025736_create_articles_table.php
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ public function up(): void
             $table->timestamp('published_at')->nullable();
             $table->unsignedInteger('views')->default(0);
             $table->timestamp('created_at')->useCurrent();
-            $table->timestamp('updated_at')->useCurrent()->useCurrentOnUpdate();
+            $table->timestamp('updated_at')->nullable()->useCurrentOnUpdate();
             $table->softDeletes();
         });
     }
diff --git a/database/migrations/2025_10_03_080030_create_purchases_table.php b/database/migrations/2025_10_03_080030_create_purchases_table.php
index 82e58ca..5b6ca14 100644
--- a/database/migrations/2025_10_03_080030_create_purchases_table.php
+++ b/database/migrations/2025_10_03_080030_create_purchases_table.php
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ public function up(): void
             $table->unsignedInteger('total');
             $table->string('note', 100)->nullable();
             $table->timestamp('created_at')->useCurrent();
-            $table->timestamp('updated_at')->useCurrent()->useCurrentOnUpdate();
+            $table->timestamp('updated_at')->nullable()->useCurrentOnUpdate();
             $table->softDeletes();
         });
     }
diff --git a/database/migrations/2025_10_03_080031_create_purchase_items_table.php b/database/migrations/2025_10_03_080031_create_purchase_items_table.php
index 2a42a75..1017b52 100644
--- a/database/migrations/2025_10_03_080031_create_purchase_items_table.php
+++ b/database/migrations/2025_10_03_080031_create_purchase_items_table.php
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ public function up(): void
             $table->unsignedInteger('unit_price');
             $table->unsignedInteger('total_price');
             $table->timestamp('created_at')->useCurrent();
-            $table->timestamp('updated_at')->useCurrent()->useCurrentOnUpdate();
+            $table->timestamp('updated_at')->nullable()->useCurrentOnUpdate();
             $table->softDeletes();
         });
     }
diff --git a/database/migrations/2025_10_04_143515_create_payrolls_table.php b/database/migrations/2025_10_04_143515_create_payrolls_table.php
index 2e34fd5..26d2971 100644
--- a/database/migrations/2025_10_04_143515_create_payrolls_table.php
+++ b/database/migrations/2025_10_04_143515_create_payrolls_table.php
@@ -22,7 +22,8 @@ public function up(): void
             $table->unsignedInteger('total_salary');
             $table->enum('is_paid', [IsPaid::values()])->default(IsPaid::NOT_PAID)->comment(IsPaid::comment());
             $table->dateTime('paid_at')->nullable();
-            $table->timestamps();
+            $table->timestamp('created_at')->useCurrent();
+            $table->timestamp('updated_at')->useCurrent()->useCurrentOnUpdate();
             $table->softDeletes();
         });
     }
diff --git a/database/migrations/2025_10_04_143521_create_payroll_adjustments_table.php b/database/migrations/2025_10_04_143521_create_payroll_adjustments_table.php
index 1f71bbb..b874b77 100644
--- a/database/migrations/2025_10_04_143521_create_payroll_adjustments_table.php
+++ b/database/migrations/2025_10_04_143521_create_payroll_adjustments_table.php
@@ -18,7 +18,8 @@ public function up(): void
             $table->enum('type', [SalaryAdjustmentType::values()])->comment(SalaryAdjustmentType::comment());
             $table->string('description', 100);
             $table->unsignedInteger('amount');
-            $table->timestamps();
+            $table->timestamp('created_at')->useCurrent();
+            $table->timestamp('updated_at')->useCurrent()->useCurrentOnUpdate();
             $table->softDeletes();
         });
     }
diff --git a/database/migrations/2025_10_04_143527_create_salary_histories_table.php b/database/migrations/2025_10_04_143527_create_salary_histories_table.php
index 7626143..f62bab2 100644
--- a/database/migrations/2025_10_04_143527_create_salary_histories_table.php
+++ b/database/migrations/2025_10_04_143527_create_salary_histories_table.php
@@ -17,7 +17,8 @@ public function up(): void
             $table->unsignedInteger('old_salary');
             $table->unsignedInteger('new_salary');
             $table->date('effective_date');
-            $table->timestamps();
+            $table->timestamp('created_at')->useCurrent();
+            $table->timestamp('updated_at')->useCurrent()->useCurrentOnUpdate();
             $table->softDeletes();
         });
     }
diff --git a/database/migrations/2025_10_06_124919_create_formulas_table.php b/database/migrations/2025_10_06_124919_create_formulas_table.php
index d3fd1d5..4e94510 100644
--- a/database/migrations/2025_10_06_124919_create_formulas_table.php
+++ b/database/migrations/2025_10_06_124919_create_formulas_table.php
@@ -16,7 +16,8 @@ public function up(): void
             $table->string('quality', 20);
             $table->unsignedInteger('size');
             $table->unsignedInteger('volume');
-            $table->timestamps();
+            $table->timestamp('created_at')->useCurrent();
+            $table->timestamp('updated_at')->useCurrent()->useCurrentOnUpdate();
             $table->softDeletes();
         });
     }
diff --git a/database/migrations/2025_10_06_135045_create_orders_table.php b/database/migrations/2025_10_06_135045_create_orders_table.php
index 49363b4..c23fc97 100644
--- a/database/migrations/2025_10_06_135045_create_orders_table.php
+++ b/database/migrations/2025_10_06_135045_create_orders_table.php
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ public function up(): void
             $table->enum('channel', [OrderChannel::values()])->default(OrderChannel::OUTLET)->comment(OrderChannel::comment());
             $table->enum('status', [OrderStatus::values()])->default(OrderStatus::PENDING)->comment(OrderStatus::comment());
             $table->timestamp('created_at')->useCurrent();
-            $table->timestamp('updated_at')->useCurrent()->useCurrentOnUpdate();
+            $table->timestamp('updated_at')->nullable()->useCurrentOnUpdate();
             $table->softDeletes();
         });
     }
diff --git a/database/migrations/2025_10_06_135049_create_order_items_table.php b/database/migrations/2025_10_06_135049_create_order_items_table.php
index dcc262c..c4ece66 100644
--- a/database/migrations/2025_10_06_135049_create_order_items_table.php
+++ b/database/migrations/2025_10_06_135049_create_order_items_table.php
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ public function up(): void
             $table->unsignedInteger('unit_price');
             $table->unsignedInteger('quantity');
             $table->timestamp('created_at')->useCurrent();
-            $table->timestamp('updated_at')->useCurrent()->useCurrentOnUpdate();
+            $table->timestamp('updated_at')->nullable()->useCurrentOnUpdate();
             $table->softDeletes();
         });
     }
diff --git a/database/migrations/2025_10_06_140341_create_payments_table.php b/database/migrations/2025_10_06_140341_create_payments_table.php
index ef63c47..461e86c 100644
--- a/database/migrations/2025_10_06_140341_create_payments_table.php
+++ b/database/migrations/2025_10_06_140341_create_payments_table.php
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ public function up(): void
             $table->timestamp('paid_at')->useCurrent();
             $table->enum('status', [PaymentStatus::values()])->default(PaymentStatus::PENDING)->comment(PaymentStatus::comment());
             $table->timestamp('created_at')->useCurrent();
-            $table->timestamp('updated_at')->useCurrent()->useCurrentOnUpdate();
+            $table->timestamp('updated_at')->nullable()->useCurrentOnUpdate();
             $table->softDeletes();
         });
     }
diff --git a/database/migrations/2025_10_08_070015_create_volume_items_table.php b/database/migrations/2025_10_08_070015_create_volume_items_table.php
index 105a56d..cd2dd52 100644
--- a/database/migrations/2025_10_08_070015_create_volume_items_table.php
+++ b/database/migrations/2025_10_08_070015_create_volume_items_table.php
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ public function up(): void
             $table->string('quality', 20);
             $table->unsignedInteger('volume');
             $table->timestamp('created_at')->useCurrent();
-            $table->timestamp('updated_at')->useCurrent()->useCurrentOnUpdate();
+            $table->timestamp('updated_at')->nullable()->useCurrentOnUpdate();
             $table->softDeletes();
         });
     }
diff --git a/database/migrations/2025_10_28_150511_create_whatsapps_table.php b/database/migrations/2025_10_28_150511_create_whatsapps_table.php
index 031f014..9d3aa0e 100644
--- a/database/migrations/2025_10_28_150511_create_whatsapps_table.php
+++ b/database/migrations/2025_10_28_150511_create_whatsapps_table.php
@@ -16,7 +16,8 @@ public function up(): void
             $table->string('zawa_id', 100);
             $table->string('session_id', 100);
             $table->text('qr_code')->nullable();
-            $table->timestamps();
+            $table->timestamp('created_at')->useCurrent();
+            $table->timestamp('updated_at')->useCurrent()->useCurrentOnUpdate();
         });
     }
 
diff --git a/database/migrations/2025_10_29_013939_create_price_requests_table.php b/database/migrations/2025_10_29_013939_create_price_requests_table.php
index b6bea08..b419c23 100644
--- a/database/migrations/2025_10_29_013939_create_price_requests_table.php
+++ b/database/migrations/2025_10_29_013939_create_price_requests_table.php
@@ -19,7 +19,8 @@ public function up(): void
             $table->timestamp('last_requested_at')->nullable();
             $table->timestamp('expires_at')->nullable();
             $table->timestamp('approved_at')->nullable();
-            $table->timestamps();
+            $table->timestamp('created_at')->useCurrent();
+            $table->timestamp('updated_at')->useCurrent()->useCurrentOnUpdate();
             $table->softDeletes();
         });
     }
diff --git a/database/migrations/2025_10_31_144909_create_activity_log_table.php b/database/migrations/2025_10_31_144909_create_activity_log_table.php
index b788f65..2a3c267 100644
--- a/database/migrations/2025_10_31_144909_create_activity_log_table.php
+++ b/database/migrations/2025_10_31_144909_create_activity_log_table.php
@@ -15,7 +15,8 @@ public function up()
             $table->nullableMorphs('subject', 'subject');
             $table->nullableMorphs('causer', 'causer');
             $table->json('properties')->nullable();
-            $table->timestamps();
+            $table->timestamp('created_at')->useCurrent();
+            $table->timestamp('updated_at')->useCurrent()->useCurrentOnUpdate();
             $table->index('log_name');
         });
     }
diff --git a/database/migrations/2025_11_01_190446_create_tier_rewards_table.php b/database/migrations/2025_11_01_190446_create_tier_rewards_table.php
index e6e2a5a..5577bb6 100644
--- a/database/migrations/2025_11_01_190446_create_tier_rewards_table.php
+++ b/database/migrations/2025_11_01_190446_create_tier_rewards_table.php
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ public function up(): void
             $table->unsignedInteger('value');
             $table->text('how_to_get')->nullable();
             $table->timestamp('created_at')->useCurrent();
-            $table->timestamp('updated_at')->useCurrent()->useCurrentOnUpdate();
+            $table->timestamp('updated_at')->nullable()->useCurrentOnUpdate();
             $table->softDeletes();
         });
     }
diff --git a/database/migrations/2025_11_04_220210_create_user_voucher_table.php b/database/migrations/2025_11_04_220210_create_user_voucher_table.php
index 1d9bd51..673babf 100644
--- a/database/migrations/2025_11_04_220210_create_user_voucher_table.php
+++ b/database/migrations/2025_11_04_220210_create_user_voucher_table.php
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ public function up(): void
             $table->foreignId('voucher_id')->constrained()->cascadeOnDelete();
             $table->unsignedInteger('quantity');
             $table->timestamp('created_at')->useCurrent();
-            $table->timestamp('updated_at')->useCurrent()->useCurrentOnUpdate();
+            $table->timestamp('updated_at')->nullable()->useCurrentOnUpdate();
         });
     }
 
diff --git a/database/migrations/2025_11_06_084400_create_faqs_table.php b/database/migrations/2025_11_06_084400_create_faqs_table.php
index 30b8c7f..0bfe01a 100644
--- a/database/migrations/2025_11_06_084400_create_faqs_table.php
+++ b/database/migrations/2025_11_06_084400_create_faqs_table.php
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ public function up(): void
             $table->text('answer');
             $table->unsignedInteger('sort_order');
             $table->timestamp('created_at')->useCurrent();
-            $table->timestamp('updated_at')->useCurrent()->useCurrentOnUpdate();
+            $table->timestamp('updated_at')->nullable()->useCurrentOnUpdate();
             $table->softDeletes();
         });
     }
diff --git a/database/migrations/2025_11_06_094639_create_perfume_features_table.php b/database/migrations/2025_11_06_094639_create_perfume_features_table.php
index 46e3207..effd37d 100644
--- a/database/migrations/2025_11_06_094639_create_perfume_features_table.php
+++ b/database/migrations/2025_11_06_094639_create_perfume_features_table.php
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ public function up(): void
             $table->text('description');
             $table->unsignedInteger('sort_order');
             $table->timestamp('created_at')->useCurrent();
-            $table->timestamp('updated_at')->useCurrent()->useCurrentOnUpdate();
+            $table->timestamp('updated_at')->nullable()->useCurrentOnUpdate();
             $table->softDeletes();
         });
     }
diff --git a/database/migrations/2025_11_06_100555_create_choose_us_table.php b/database/migrations/2025_11_06_100555_create_choose_us_table.php
index c2d0717..2f4bab7 100644
--- a/database/migrations/2025_11_06_100555_create_choose_us_table.php
+++ b/database/migrations/2025_11_06_100555_create_choose_us_table.php
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ public function up(): void
             $table->text('description');
             $table->unsignedInteger('sort_order');
             $table->timestamp('created_at')->useCurrent();
-            $table->timestamp('updated_at')->useCurrent()->useCurrentOnUpdate();
+            $table->timestamp('updated_at')->nullable()->useCurrentOnUpdate();
             $table->softDeletes();
         });
     }