diff --git a/app/Http/Requests/PaginatedRequest.php b/app/Http/Requests/PaginatedRequest.php
index 58b9852..33d386f 100644
--- a/app/Http/Requests/PaginatedRequest.php
+++ b/app/Http/Requests/PaginatedRequest.php
@@ -20,8 +20,6 @@ public function rules(): array
         return [
             'per_page' => ['nullable', 'integer', 'in:25,50,100,999999'],
             'search' => ['nullable', 'string', 'max:255'],
-            'sort' => ['nullable', 'string'],
-            'direction' => ['nullable', 'string', 'in:asc,desc'],
             'highlight' => ['nullable', 'integer'],
             'gender' => ['nullable', 'string', Rule::in(Gender::values())],
             'department_id' => ['nullable', 'integer'],
@@ -43,8 +41,6 @@ public function validatedWithDefaults(): array
         return [
             'perPage' => $validated['per_page'] ?? 25,
             'search' => $validated['search'] ?? '',
-            'sort' => $validated['sort'] ?? 'created_at',
-            'direction' => $validated['direction'] ?? 'desc',
         ];
     }
 }
diff --git a/app/Services/Admin/AcademicClasses/AssignmentService.php b/app/Services/Admin/AcademicClasses/AssignmentService.php
index 146eed2..cb9e5c5 100644
--- a/app/Services/Admin/AcademicClasses/AssignmentService.php
+++ b/app/Services/Admin/AcademicClasses/AssignmentService.php
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 
 class AssignmentService
 {
-    public function paginated(int $perPage = 25, string $search = '', string $sort = 'created_at', string $direction = 'desc', ?int $courseClassId = null): LengthAwarePaginator
+    public function paginated(int $perPage = 25, string $search = '', ?int $courseClassId = null): LengthAwarePaginator
     {
         return Assignment::query()
             ->select(['id', 'course_class_id', 'title', 'description', 'deadline'])
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ public function paginated(int $perPage = 25, string $search = '', string $sort =
             ->with('courseClass.course:id,code,name')
             ->when($search, fn ($q) => $q->where('title', 'like', "%{$search}%"))
             ->when($courseClassId, fn ($q) => $q->where('course_class_id', $courseClassId))
-            ->orderBy($sort, $direction)
+            ->latest()
             ->paginate($perPage);
     }
 
diff --git a/app/Services/Admin/AcademicClasses/CourseRegistrationService.php b/app/Services/Admin/AcademicClasses/CourseRegistrationService.php
index f4ebe07..4405f2f 100644
--- a/app/Services/Admin/AcademicClasses/CourseRegistrationService.php
+++ b/app/Services/Admin/AcademicClasses/CourseRegistrationService.php
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 
 class CourseRegistrationService
 {
-    public function paginated(int $perPage = 25, string $search = '', string $sort = 'created_at', string $direction = 'desc', ?string $status = null, ?int $academicTermId = null): LengthAwarePaginator
+    public function paginated(int $perPage = 25, string $search = '', ?string $status = null, ?int $academicTermId = null): LengthAwarePaginator
     {
         return CourseRegistration::query()
             ->select(['id', 'student_id', 'academic_term_id', 'course_class_id', 'status', 'approved_by', 'created_at'])
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ public function paginated(int $perPage = 25, string $search = '', string $sort =
                 ->orWhereHas('user.profile', fn ($q) => $q->where('full_name', 'like', "%{$search}%"))))
             ->when($status, fn ($q) => $q->where('status', $status))
             ->when($academicTermId, fn ($q) => $q->where('academic_term_id', $academicTermId))
-            ->orderBy($sort, $direction)
+            ->latest()
             ->paginate($perPage);
     }
 
diff --git a/app/Services/Admin/AcademicClasses/MaterialService.php b/app/Services/Admin/AcademicClasses/MaterialService.php
index e9eea42..42aa64e 100644
--- a/app/Services/Admin/AcademicClasses/MaterialService.php
+++ b/app/Services/Admin/AcademicClasses/MaterialService.php
@@ -8,14 +8,14 @@
 
 class MaterialService
 {
-    public function paginated(int $perPage = 25, string $search = '', string $sort = 'created_at', string $direction = 'desc', ?int $courseClassId = null): LengthAwarePaginator
+    public function paginated(int $perPage = 25, string $search = '', ?int $courseClassId = null): LengthAwarePaginator
     {
         return Material::query()
             ->select(['id', 'course_class_id', 'title', 'description', 'meeting_number'])
             ->with('courseClass.course:id,code,name')
             ->when($search, fn ($q) => $q->where('title', 'like', "%{$search}%"))
             ->when($courseClassId, fn ($q) => $q->where('course_class_id', $courseClassId))
-            ->orderBy($sort, $direction)
+            ->latest()
             ->paginate($perPage);
     }
 
diff --git a/app/Services/Admin/Announcements/AnnouncementService.php b/app/Services/Admin/Announcements/AnnouncementService.php
index a16a7a5..8ee6c0f 100644
--- a/app/Services/Admin/Announcements/AnnouncementService.php
+++ b/app/Services/Admin/Announcements/AnnouncementService.php
@@ -7,14 +7,14 @@
 
 class AnnouncementService
 {
-    public function paginated(int $perPage = 25, string $search = '', string $sort = 'created_at', string $direction = 'desc', ?int $departmentId = null): LengthAwarePaginator
+    public function paginated(int $perPage = 25, string $search = '', ?int $departmentId = null): LengthAwarePaginator
     {
         return Announcement::query()
             ->select(['id', 'title', 'content', 'department_id', 'enrollment_year', 'created_by', 'created_at'])
             ->with(['department:id,name', 'creator.profile'])
             ->when($search, fn ($q) => $q->where('title', 'like', "%{$search}%"))
             ->when($departmentId, fn ($q) => $q->where('department_id', $departmentId))
-            ->orderBy($sort, $direction)
+            ->latest()
             ->paginate($perPage);
     }
 
diff --git a/app/Services/Admin/FeedbackService.php b/app/Services/Admin/FeedbackService.php
index 1bf2942..ed383e8 100644
--- a/app/Services/Admin/FeedbackService.php
+++ b/app/Services/Admin/FeedbackService.php
@@ -40,14 +40,14 @@ public function __construct()
         $this->sanitizer = new HtmlSanitizer($config);
     }
 
-    public function paginated(User $user, int $perPage = 25, string $search = '', string $sort = 'created_at', string $direction = 'desc', ?string $type = null, ?string $status = null): LengthAwarePaginator
+    public function paginated(User $user, int $perPage = 25, string $search = '', ?string $type = null, ?string $status = null): LengthAwarePaginator
     {
         return Feedback::query()
             ->where('user_id', $user->id)
             ->when($search, fn ($q) => $q->where('subject', 'like', "%{$search}%"))
             ->when($type, fn ($q) => $q->where('type', $type))
             ->when($status, fn ($q) => $q->where('status', $status))
-            ->orderBy($sort, $direction)
+            ->latest()
             ->paginate($perPage);
     }
 
diff --git a/app/Services/Admin/Finances/TuitionInvoiceService.php b/app/Services/Admin/Finances/TuitionInvoiceService.php
index aabfd3e..cde7f14 100644
--- a/app/Services/Admin/Finances/TuitionInvoiceService.php
+++ b/app/Services/Admin/Finances/TuitionInvoiceService.php
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 
 class TuitionInvoiceService
 {
-    public function paginated(int $perPage = 25, string $search = '', string $sort = 'created_at', string $direction = 'desc', ?int $academicTermId = null): LengthAwarePaginator
+    public function paginated(int $perPage = 25, string $search = '', ?int $academicTermId = null): LengthAwarePaginator
     {
         return TuitionInvoice::query()
             ->select(['id', 'student_id', 'academic_term_id', 'amount_due', 'due_date'])
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ public function paginated(int $perPage = 25, string $search = '', string $sort =
             ->when($search, fn ($q) => $q->whereHas('student', fn ($q) => $q->where('student_number', 'like', "%{$search}%")
                 ->orWhereHas('user.profile', fn ($q) => $q->where('full_name', 'like', "%{$search}%"))))
             ->when($academicTermId, fn ($q) => $q->where('academic_term_id', $academicTermId))
-            ->orderBy($sort, $direction)
+            ->latest()
             ->paginate($perPage);
     }
 
diff --git a/app/Services/Admin/Manage/CourseClassService.php b/app/Services/Admin/Manage/CourseClassService.php
index 90b66b0..f96111e 100644
--- a/app/Services/Admin/Manage/CourseClassService.php
+++ b/app/Services/Admin/Manage/CourseClassService.php
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ public function getAllForSelect(): Collection
             ->get();
     }
 
-    public function paginated(int $perPage = 25, string $search = '', string $sort = 'created_at', string $direction = 'desc', ?int $academicTermId = null, ?string $method = null): LengthAwarePaginator
+    public function paginated(int $perPage = 25, string $search = '', ?int $academicTermId = null, ?string $method = null): LengthAwarePaginator
     {
         return CourseClass::query()
             ->select(['id', 'course_id', 'lecturer_id', 'academic_term_id', 'class_name', 'method'])
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ public function paginated(int $perPage = 25, string $search = '', string $sort =
                 ->orWhereHas('course', fn ($q) => $q->where('name', 'like', "%{$search}%")->orWhere('code', 'like', "%{$search}%")))
             ->when($academicTermId, fn ($q) => $q->where('academic_term_id', $academicTermId))
             ->when($method, fn ($q) => $q->where('method', $method))
-            ->orderBy($sort, $direction)
+            ->latest()
             ->paginate($perPage);
     }
 
diff --git a/app/Services/Admin/Manage/CourseService.php b/app/Services/Admin/Manage/CourseService.php
index 1fb477d..c0dd828 100644
--- a/app/Services/Admin/Manage/CourseService.php
+++ b/app/Services/Admin/Manage/CourseService.php
@@ -13,14 +13,14 @@ public function getAllForSelect(): Collection
         return Course::select(['id', 'code', 'name', 'department_id'])->get();
     }
 
-    public function paginated(int $perPage = 25, string $search = '', string $sort = 'created_at', string $direction = 'desc', ?int $departmentId = null): LengthAwarePaginator
+    public function paginated(int $perPage = 25, string $search = '', ?int $departmentId = null): LengthAwarePaginator
     {
         return Course::query()
             ->select(['id', 'code', 'name', 'credits', 'department_id', 'semester_number'])
             ->with('department:id,name')
             ->when($search, fn ($q) => $q->where('name', 'like', "%{$search}%")->orWhere('code', 'like', "%{$search}%"))
             ->when($departmentId, fn ($q) => $q->where('department_id', $departmentId))
-            ->orderBy($sort, $direction)
+            ->latest()
             ->paginate($perPage);
     }
 
diff --git a/app/Services/Admin/Master/AcademicTermService.php b/app/Services/Admin/Master/AcademicTermService.php
index bdfab6e..f2eb514 100644
--- a/app/Services/Admin/Master/AcademicTermService.php
+++ b/app/Services/Admin/Master/AcademicTermService.php
@@ -14,14 +14,14 @@ public function getAllForSelect(): Collection
         return AcademicTerm::select(['id', 'name', 'semester', 'start_date', 'end_date', 'is_active'])->latest()->get();
     }
 
-    public function paginated(int $perPage = 25, string $search = '', string $sort = 'created_at', string $direction = 'desc', ?string $semester = null, ?bool $isActive = null): LengthAwarePaginator
+    public function paginated(int $perPage = 25, string $search = '', ?string $semester = null, ?bool $isActive = null): LengthAwarePaginator
     {
         return AcademicTerm::query()
             ->select(['id', 'name', 'semester', 'start_date', 'end_date', 'is_active'])
             ->when($search, fn ($q) => $q->where('name', 'like', "%{$search}%"))
             ->when($semester, fn ($q) => $q->where('semester', $semester))
             ->when($isActive !== null, fn ($q) => $q->where('is_active', $isActive))
-            ->orderBy($sort, $direction)
+            ->latest()
             ->paginate($perPage);
     }
 
diff --git a/app/Services/Admin/Master/DepartmentService.php b/app/Services/Admin/Master/DepartmentService.php
index 5676801..3f71ed8 100644
--- a/app/Services/Admin/Master/DepartmentService.php
+++ b/app/Services/Admin/Master/DepartmentService.php
@@ -13,12 +13,12 @@ public function getAllForSelect(): Collection
         return Department::select(['id', 'code', 'name'])->get();
     }
 
-    public function paginated(int $perPage = 25, string $search = '', string $sort = 'created_at', string $direction = 'desc'): LengthAwarePaginator
+    public function paginated(int $perPage = 25, string $search = ''): LengthAwarePaginator
     {
         return Department::query()
             ->select(['id', 'code', 'name', 'degree_level'])
             ->when($search, fn ($q) => $q->where('name', 'like', "%{$search}%")->orWhere('code', 'like', "%{$search}%"))
-            ->orderBy($sort, $direction)
+            ->latest()
             ->paginate($perPage);
     }
 
diff --git a/app/Services/Admin/Services/AcademicAdvisingLogService.php b/app/Services/Admin/Services/AcademicAdvisingLogService.php
index ea677b9..c91a7df 100644
--- a/app/Services/Admin/Services/AcademicAdvisingLogService.php
+++ b/app/Services/Admin/Services/AcademicAdvisingLogService.php
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 
 class AcademicAdvisingLogService
 {
-    public function paginated(int $perPage = 25, string $search = '', string $sort = 'created_at', string $direction = 'desc', ?int $lecturerId = null): LengthAwarePaginator
+    public function paginated(int $perPage = 25, string $search = '', ?int $lecturerId = null): LengthAwarePaginator
     {
         return AcademicAdvisingLog::query()
             ->select(['id', 'student_id', 'lecturer_id', 'topic', 'notes', 'session_date', 'created_at'])
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ public function paginated(int $perPage = 25, string $search = '', string $sort =
                 ->orWhereHas('student', fn ($q) => $q->where('student_number', 'like', "%{$search}%")
                     ->orWhereHas('user.profile', fn ($q) => $q->where('full_name', 'like', "%{$search}%"))))
             ->when($lecturerId, fn ($q) => $q->where('lecturer_id', $lecturerId))
-            ->orderBy($sort, $direction)
+            ->latest()
             ->paginate($perPage);
     }
 
diff --git a/app/Services/Admin/Services/LetterRequestService.php b/app/Services/Admin/Services/LetterRequestService.php
index f40b37d..9ed5990 100644
--- a/app/Services/Admin/Services/LetterRequestService.php
+++ b/app/Services/Admin/Services/LetterRequestService.php
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 
 class LetterRequestService
 {
-    public function paginated(int $perPage = 25, string $search = '', string $sort = 'created_at', string $direction = 'desc', ?string $status = null): LengthAwarePaginator
+    public function paginated(int $perPage = 25, string $search = '', ?string $status = null): LengthAwarePaginator
     {
         return LetterRequest::query()
             ->select(['id', 'student_id', 'letter_type', 'purpose', 'status', 'processed_by', 'submitted_at', 'completed_at'])
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ public function paginated(int $perPage = 25, string $search = '', string $sort =
                 ->orWhereHas('student', fn ($q) => $q->where('student_number', 'like', "%{$search}%")
                     ->orWhereHas('user.profile', fn ($q) => $q->where('full_name', 'like', "%{$search}%"))))
             ->when($status, fn ($q) => $q->where('status', $status))
-            ->orderBy($sort, $direction)
+            ->latest()
             ->paginate($perPage);
     }
 
diff --git a/app/Services/Admin/Users/AdministratorService.php b/app/Services/Admin/Users/AdministratorService.php
index aa4b525..4945940 100644
--- a/app/Services/Admin/Users/AdministratorService.php
+++ b/app/Services/Admin/Users/AdministratorService.php
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 
 class AdministratorService
 {
-    public function paginated(int $perPage = 25, string $search = '', string $sort = 'created_at', string $direction = 'desc', ?string $gender = null): LengthAwarePaginator
+    public function paginated(int $perPage = 25, string $search = '', ?string $gender = null): LengthAwarePaginator
     {
         return User::with(['profile', 'roles'])
             ->whereHas('roles', fn ($q) => $q->whereIn('name', ['staff-admin', 'staff-keuangan']))
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ public function paginated(int $perPage = 25, string $search = '', string $sort =
                     ->orWhereHas('profile', fn ($q) => $q->where('full_name', 'like', "%{$search}%"));
             }))
             ->when($gender, fn ($q) => $q->whereHas('profile', fn ($q) => $q->where('gender', $gender)))
-            ->orderBy($sort, $direction)
+            ->latest()
             ->paginate($perPage);
     }
 
diff --git a/app/Services/Admin/Users/LecturerService.php b/app/Services/Admin/Users/LecturerService.php
index 0ae4d20..e026147 100644
--- a/app/Services/Admin/Users/LecturerService.php
+++ b/app/Services/Admin/Users/LecturerService.php
@@ -17,10 +17,10 @@ public function getAllForSelect(): Collection
         return Lecturer::with('user.profile')->get();
     }
 
-    public function paginated(int $perPage = 25, string $search = '', string $sort = 'created_at', string $direction = 'desc', ?string $gender = null, ?int $departmentId = null): LengthAwarePaginator
+    public function paginated(int $perPage = 25, string $search = '', ?string $gender = null, ?int $departmentId = null): LengthAwarePaginator
     {
         return $this->filteredQuery($search, $gender, $departmentId)
-            ->orderBy($sort, $direction)
+            ->latest()
             ->paginate($perPage);
     }
 
diff --git a/app/Services/Admin/Users/StudentService.php b/app/Services/Admin/Users/StudentService.php
index 3c3f543..fa22701 100644
--- a/app/Services/Admin/Users/StudentService.php
+++ b/app/Services/Admin/Users/StudentService.php
@@ -17,10 +17,10 @@ public function getAllForSelect(): Collection
         return Student::with(['user.profile', 'department'])->get();
     }
 
-    public function paginated(int $perPage = 25, string $search = '', string $sort = 'created_at', string $direction = 'desc', ?string $gender = null, ?int $departmentId = null, ?string $status = null): LengthAwarePaginator
+    public function paginated(int $perPage = 25, string $search = '', ?string $gender = null, ?int $departmentId = null, ?string $status = null): LengthAwarePaginator
     {
         return $this->filteredQuery($search, $gender, $departmentId, $status)
-            ->orderBy($sort, $direction)
+            ->latest()
             ->paginate($perPage);
     }