feat: enhance AssignmentIndex; implement infinite scroll and simplify pagination handling

- Refactored AdministratorController, LecturerController, and StudentController to utilize Inertia's scroll feature for paginated data.
- Enhanced DataCards and DataTable components to support infinite scrolling, allowing for a smoother user experience when navigating large datasets.
- Updated multiple admin pages (e.g., MaterialIndex, LogIndex, FeedbackIndex) to integrate infinite scroll functionality, improving data loading efficiency.
- Adjusted server table hooks to reset keys appropriately for infinite scroll scenarios.

BEST_PRACTICE.md

@@ -0,0 +1,354 @@
+# Best Practice Laravel
+
+Panduan konvensi kode untuk **semua project** dengan tech stack: **Laravel 13 (PHP 8.3)**, **Inertia + React + TypeScript**, **Laravel Wayfinder**, **Spatie Permission**, **Pest**, **Larastan**, **Laravel Pint**.
+
+Dokumen ini bersifat reusable antar-project — jangan isi dengan nama domain/fitur spesifik satu project saja. Kalau sebuah project punya pengecualian dari aturan di sini, catat pengecualiannya di `CLAUDE.md`/README project tersebut, bukan mengubah dokumen ini.
+
+Semua kode baru (controller, service, request, model, enum, komponen React) **wajib** mengikuti dokumen ini. Saat mengubah kode lama yang menyimpang, samakan dengan konvensi di sini sekalian (boy scout rule), kecuali perubahan di luar scope task yang sedang dikerjakan.
+
+---
+
+## 1. Konsistensi Struktur & Penamaan
+
+- **Nama method harus konsisten** untuk fungsi yang setara. Jangan sampai controller A punya `store()` tapi controller B untuk hal yang sama pakai `save()`.
+- **Urutan method harus konsisten** di semua Controller, Service, Model, dan class lain. Urutan baku untuk resource controller:
+  1. `index()`
+  2. `create()` (jika ada, hanya untuk non-Inertia modal-less form)
+  3. `store()`
+  4. `show()` (jika ada)
+  5. `edit()` (jika ada)
+  6. `update()`
+  7. `destroy()`
+  8. Method kustom lain (`updateStatus()`, `resetPassword()`, dll) **selalu ditaruh setelah** ketujuh method di atas, bukan disisipkan di tengah.
+
+  Contoh salah — method kustom nyempil di antara `update()` dan `destroy()`:
+  ```php
+  index(), create(), store(), edit(), update(), resetPassword(), destroy()
+  ```
+  Contoh benar:
+  ```php
+  index(), create(), store(), edit(), update(), destroy(), resetPassword()
+  ```
+- **Organisasi Controller/Request/Service by domain.** Kelompokkan berdasarkan domain bisnis project yang bersangkutan, konsisten di ketiga layer:
+  ```
+  app/Http/Controllers/{Domain}/{Name}Controller.php
+  app/Http/Requests/{Domain}/{Name}Request.php
+  app/Services/{Domain}/{Name}Service.php
+  ```
+  Domain ditentukan oleh kebutuhan project (mis. `Manage`, `Master`, `Finances`, `Users`), bukan nama fitur individual. Class baru yang berhubungan masuk ke domain yang sudah ada; jangan bikin domain baru untuk satu fitur kecil.
+- Ikuti konvensi penamaan Laravel community (PSR-12 + konvensi umum):
+
+  | Yang di-nama-i | Gaya | Contoh benar | Contoh salah |
+  |---|---|---|---|
+  | Controller | singular | `ArticleController` | `ArticlesController` |
+  | Route (URI) | plural | `articles/1` | `article/1` |
+  | Route name | snake_case + dot | `users.show_active` | `users.show-active` |
+  | Model | singular | `User` | `Users` |
+  | Relasi hasOne/belongsTo | singular | `articleComment` | `articleComments` |
+  | Relasi lain (hasMany, dll) | plural | `articleComments` | `articleComment` |
+  | Tabel | plural, snake_case | `article_comments` | `articleComments` |
+  | Tabel pivot | singular, alfabetis | `article_user` | `user_article` |
+  | Kolom tabel | snake_case, tanpa nama model | `meta_title` | `article_meta_title` |
+  | Foreign key | singular model + `_id` | `article_id` | `id_article` |
+  | Primary key | - | `id` | `custom_id` |
+  | Migration | deskriptif | `2017_01_01_000000_create_articles_table` | `2017_01_01_000000_articles` |
+  | Method | camelCase | `getAll()` | `get_all()` |
+  | Method resource controller | verba standar | `store()` | `saveArticle()` |
+  | Method test (Pest) | deskriptif, `it(...)`/`test(...)` | `it('rejects guest from viewing article')` | — |
+  | Variable | camelCase | `$articlesWithAuthor` | `$articles_with_author` |
+  | Collection | deskriptif, plural | `$activeUsers` | `$data` |
+  | Object tunggal | deskriptif, singular | `$activeUser` | `$obj` |
+  | File config/lang index | snake_case | `articles_enabled` | `ArticlesEnabled` |
+  | File view Blade | kebab-case | `show-filtered.blade.php` | `showFiltered.blade.php` |
+  | Komponen React (Inertia page/props) | PascalCase file, camelCase prop | `EditForm.tsx`, `isOpen` | — |
+  | Contract (interface) | adjective/noun, tanpa prefix `I` | `AuthenticationInterface` | `IAuthentication` |
+  | Trait | adjective | `Notifiable` | `NotificationTrait` |
+  | Enum | singular | `UserType` | `UserTypeEnum` |
+  | FormRequest | singular + `Request` | `UpdateUserRequest` | `UserFormRequest` |
+  | Seeder | singular | `UserSeeder` | `UsersSeeder` |
+
+---
+
+## 2. Enum
+
+- Semua data opsi yang sudah pasti/tetap valuenya **wajib** pakai native PHP Enum (`enum ... : string`), jangan pakai konstanta class atau string mentah.
+- Setiap Enum yang punya representasi UI **wajib** menyediakan method `label(): string` berbahasa Indonesia:
+  ```php
+  enum OrderStatus: string
+  {
+      case Pending = 'pending';
+      case Completed = 'completed';
+
+      public function label(): string
+      {
+          return match ($this) {
+              self::Pending => 'Menunggu',
+              self::Completed => 'Selesai',
+          };
+      }
+  }
+  ```
+- Kalau project punya banyak Enum, buat trait bantu (mis. `HasValues`) untuk method umum seperti `values()`/`options()` supaya tidak duplikat logika di tiap enum.
+- Validasi enum di FormRequest pakai `Rule::enum(XxxEnum::class)`, bukan `Rule::in([...])` manual — termasuk kalau ditulis sebagai `Rule::in(XxxEnum::values())`, itu tetap salah karena tidak mendapat pesan error bawaan enum dan gampang lolos review karena polanya mirip valid:
+  ```php
+  // Bad
+  'status' => ['required', 'string', Rule::in(OrderStatus::values())],
+
+  // Good
+  'status' => ['required', 'string', Rule::enum(OrderStatus::class)],
+  ```
+  `Rule::in([...])` tetap sah dipakai untuk daftar nilai tetap yang **belum** dijadikan Enum (mis. sedang dipertimbangkan atau memang bukan kandidat Enum) — tapi begitu ada Enum untuk field itu, wajib pindah ke `Rule::enum()`.
+- Kirim enum ke frontend sebagai `value` + `label`, jangan kirim instance PHP mentah ke Inertia props — gunakan `->value` dan `->label()` secara eksplisit atau resource/mapper kecil.
+
+---
+
+## 3. Model & Eloquent
+
+- Gunakan `#[Guarded(['id'])]` (attribute), **bukan** `protected $guarded` atau `#[Fillable]`. Tambahkan kolom lain ke `Guarded` hanya jika memang tidak boleh diisi lewat mass assignment (mis. `last_login_at`).
+- **Hapus model/class yang sudah tidak dipakai**, jangan dibiarkan menumpuk. Cek dengan grep nama class-nya (bukan cuma teks labelnya) sebelum menyimpulkan tidak terpakai — model kosong tanpa `#[Guarded]` dan tanpa referensi pemakaian adalah tanda kuat dead code.
+- **Selalu buat relasi dua arah.** Kalau `Order belongsTo Customer`, maka `Customer` juga harus punya relasi baliknya (`hasOne`/`hasMany` sesuai kardinalitas). Jangan biarkan relasi hanya berjalan satu arah.
+- **Jangan asumsikan foreign key default Eloquent tanpa mengecek migration.** Sebelum menulis `hasMany`/`hasOne`/`belongsTo` tanpa parameter FK eksplisit, pastikan kolom hasil konvensi (`{model}_id`) memang ada di tabel terkait. Kalau kolomnya berbeda (mis. relasi menyeberang lewat model perantara), gunakan FK eksplisit atau `hasManyThrough`, bukan dibiarkan salah diam-diam.
+- **Urutkan method relasi dalam satu model per kelompok tipe, lalu alfabetis di dalam tiap kelompok**, dengan urutan kelompok: `belongsTo` → `hasOne` → `hasMany` → `belongsToMany` → `hasOneThrough`/`hasManyThrough` → relasi morph (`morphTo`/`morphMany`/`morphToMany`). Method non-relasi (`casts()`, accessor, method bisnis custom) tetap di posisi semula relatif terhadap blok relasi.
+  ```php
+  // Good — dikelompokkan per tipe, lalu alfabetis
+  public function department(): BelongsTo { ... }   // belongsTo
+  public function user(): BelongsTo { ... }
+
+  public function profile(): HasOne { ... }          // hasOne
+
+  public function attendances(): HasMany { ... }     // hasMany
+  public function submissions(): HasMany { ... }
+
+  public function departments(): BelongsToMany { ... } // belongsToMany
+  ```
+- Eloquent-first, hindari raw query/`DB::` kecuali untuk kasus performa spesifik yang benar-benar butuh (agregasi berat, bulk update) — dan beri komentar alasannya.
+- **Cegah N+1**: selalu eager-load relasi yang dipakai di view/Inertia props dengan `with()`/`load()`. Saat memakai partial eager load (`with('term:id,start_date,end_date')`), pastikan kolom yang dipakai untuk cast/accessor ikut disertakan, atau serialisasi akan error.
+- Mass assignment lewat relasi, bukan set atribut manual satu-satu:
+  ```php
+  // Bad
+  $article = new Article;
+  $article->title = $request->title;
+  $article->category_id = $category->id;
+  $article->save();
+
+  // Good
+  $category->articles()->create($request->validated());
+  ```
+- Untuk data besar (export, batch update, notifikasi massal), gunakan `chunk()`/`chunkById()`/`cursor()`, jangan `get()` lalu `foreach` penuh di memori:
+  ```php
+  // Bad
+  foreach (User::all() as $user) { ... }
+
+  // Good
+  User::chunkById(500, function ($users) {
+      foreach ($users as $user) { ... }
+  });
+  ```
+- Query builder singkat & ekspresif:
+
+  | Panjang | Singkat |
+  |---|---|
+  | `->where('column', '=', 1)` | `->where('column', 1)` |
+  | `->orderBy('created_at', 'desc')` | `->latest()` |
+  | `->orderBy('created_at', 'asc')` | `->oldest()` |
+  | `->select('id', 'name')->get()` | `->get(['id', 'name'])` |
+  | `->first()->name` | `->value('name')` |
+
+  Pola `->get([...])`/`->paginate($perPage, [...])` ini berlaku juga walau ada `with()`/`when()`/`join()`/dll di antara — Eloquent tidak peduli di posisi mana `select()` dipanggil relatif ke klausa lain, cuma peduli klausa itu ada sebelum eksekusi. **Kecuali** kalau query yang sama pakai `withCount()`/`withSum()`/`withAvg()`/`withMax()`/`withMin()`: method-method itu diam-diam menyuntik `select(table.*)` kalau belum ada `select()` eksplisit sebelumnya, dan Eloquent hanya menerapkan kolom dari `get($columns)`/`paginate($perPage, $columns)` kalau belum ada `select()` — begitu `withCount()` lebih dulu mengisi kolom, argumen kolom di method terminal **diabaikan diam-diam tanpa error** (balik jadi `select(*)`, bocor semua kolom). Jadi kalau ada `withCount()`/`withSum()`/dst di query, `select([...])` eksplisit **wajib** tetap dipertahankan sebelum pemanggilan `withCount()`/dst, jangan dipindah ke method terminal.
+
+---
+
+## 4. Controller, Request, dan Service
+
+- **Controller** hanya mengatur alur request → response (validasi input dipanggil, service dipanggil, redirect/Inertia render dikembalikan). **Tidak boleh** ada query Eloquent kompleks atau business logic langsung di controller.
+- **Selalu gunakan FormRequest**, sekecil apapun validasinya — jangan validasi inline di controller dengan `$request->validate()`.
+- Business logic (kalkulasi, orkestrasi antar model, side effect seperti notifikasi/log) **disimpan di Service**, bukan di controller atau model.
+- **Kalau method Service butuh user yang sedang login untuk scoping/filtering** (mis. dosen cuma lihat kelasnya sendiri, mahasiswa cuma lihat jurusannya sendiri), terima sebagai parameter eksplisit `User $user` (non-nullable, tanpa default) di **posisi pertama** — jangan panggil `auth()->user()` langsung di dalam Service. Controller yang menyuplainya lewat `$request->user()`. Ini soal testability (Service tidak bergantung diam-diam ke global state) dan konsistensi lintas Service.
+  ```php
+  // Bad
+  public function paginated(int $perPage = 25): LengthAwarePaginator
+  {
+      $user = auth()->user();
+      // ...
+  }
+
+  // Good
+  public function paginated(User $user, int $perPage = 25): LengthAwarePaginator
+  {
+      // ...
+  }
+  ```
+- Otorisasi berbasis permission (Spatie) dicek di dua tempat:
+  - Route-level: middleware `permission:create-xxx` dipasang per-route/per-group.
+  - Object-level (mis. user hanya boleh mengubah record miliknya sendiri): di `authorize()` milik FormRequest, kombinasikan `$this->user()->can('permission-name')` dengan pengecekan kepemilikan record. Untuk route tanpa FormRequest (mis. `destroy()` yang tidak butuh validasi input), pengecekan yang sama dilakukan inline dengan `abort_if()`/`abort_unless()` di Controller.
+  - **Predikat kepemilikan itu sendiri ditaruh sebagai method di Model (`User`, atau model pemilik lain yang relevan), bukan didefinisikan ulang di tiap Controller/FormRequest yang butuh.** Satu aturan bisnis harus punya satu sumber kebenaran — supaya konsisten dan gampang di-test. Penamaan: `is<Peran>Of($target)` untuk peran yang punya nama (mis. `isAdvisorOf`), atau `canManage<Model>($target)` untuk gate umum "boleh mengubah/menghapus record ini".
+    ```php
+    // Bad — predikat yang sama diulang di FormRequest DAN Controller
+    // (FormRequest)
+    public function authorize(): bool
+    {
+        $assignment = $this->route('assignment');
+        return $this->user()->can('update-assignments')
+            && (! $this->user()->hasRole('dosen') || $assignment->courseClass->lecturer_id === $this->user()->lecturer?->id);
+    }
+    // (Controller::destroy(), butuh predikat yang sama karena tidak ada FormRequest)
+    private function abortUnlessLecturerOwnsAssignment(Assignment $assignment): void
+    {
+        $user = request()->user();
+        abort_if($user->hasRole('dosen') && $assignment->courseClass?->lecturer_id !== $user->lecturer?->id, 403);
+    }
+
+    // Good — predikat di Model, dipakai dari FormRequest maupun Controller
+    // (User model)
+    public function canManageAssignment(Assignment $assignment): bool
+    {
+        if ($this->hasRole(UserRole::Dosen->value)) {
+            return $assignment->courseClass->lecturer_id === $this->lecturer?->id;
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+    // (FormRequest)
+    public function authorize(): bool
+    {
+        return $this->user()->can('update-assignments')
+            && $this->user()->canManageAssignment($this->route('assignment'));
+    }
+    // (Controller::destroy())
+    abort_unless(request()->user()->canManageAssignment($assignment), 403);
+    ```
+- Constructor injection untuk dependency (Service, Model), jangan `new Xxx` langsung di dalam method:
+  ```php
+  // Bad
+  $user = new User;
+  $user->create($request->validated());
+
+  // Good
+  public function __construct(protected UserService $userService) {}
+
+  $this->userService->create($request->validated());
+  ```
+- **Single Responsibility** — satu method cuma ngerjain satu hal:
+  ```php
+  // Bad
+  public function update(Request $request): string
+  {
+      $validated = $request->validate([...]);
+      foreach ($request->events as $event) {
+          $date = $this->carbon->parse($event['date'])->toString();
+          $this->logger->log('Update event ' . $date);
+      }
+      $this->event->updateGeneralEvent($request->validated());
+      return back();
+  }
+
+  // Good
+  public function update(UpdateEventRequest $request): RedirectResponse
+  {
+      $this->logService->logEvents($request->events);
+      $this->eventService->updateGeneralEvent($request->validated());
+      return back();
+  }
+  ```
+- Pecah method yang melakukan banyak hal jadi beberapa method kecil dengan nama deskriptif:
+  ```php
+  // Bad
+  public function getFullNameAttribute(): string
+  {
+      if (auth()->user() && auth()->user()->hasRole('client') && auth()->user()->isVerified()) {
+          return 'Mr. ' . $this->first_name . ' ' . $this->last_name;
+      }
+      return $this->first_name[0] . '. ' . $this->last_name;
+  }
+
+  // Good
+  public function getFullNameAttribute(): string
+  {
+      return $this->isVerifiedClient() ? $this->getFullNameLong() : $this->getFullNameShort();
+  }
+
+  public function isVerifiedClient(): bool { ... }
+  public function getFullNameLong(): string { ... }
+  public function getFullNameShort(): string { ... }
+  ```
+- Return type selalu dideklarasikan secara eksplisit (`: Response`, `: RedirectResponse`, `: Collection`, dll).
+- Untuk operasi yang menyentuh >1 tabel sekaligus (mis. buat record + update counter terkait), bungkus dengan `DB::transaction()` di dalam Service, supaya atomik.
+
+---
+
+## 5. Kode Ringkas & Idiomatis Laravel
+
+Gunakan helper singkat yang sudah tersedia, jangan syntax panjang manual:
+
+| Syntax panjang | Syntax ringkas |
+|---|---|
+| `Session::get('cart')` | `session('cart')` |
+| `$request->session()->get('cart')` | `session('cart')` |
+| `Session::put('cart', $data)` | `session(['cart' => $data])` |
+| `$request->input('name')` | `$request->name` / `request('name')` |
+| `return Redirect::back()` | `return back()` |
+| `is_null($obj->relation) ? null : $obj->relation->id` | `$obj->relation?->id` |
+| `return view('index')->with('title', $t)->with('client', $c)` | `return view('index', compact('title', 'client'))` |
+| `$request->has('value') ? $request->value : 'default'` | `$request->get('value', 'default')` |
+| `Carbon::now()`, `Carbon::today()` | `now()`, `today()` |
+| `App::make('Class')` | `app('Class')` |
+
+- **Jangan panggil `env()` di luar file config.** Simpan dulu ke `config/*.php`, lalu akses lewat `config('nama.key')`. Ini berlaku juga untuk kredensial/flag baru yang ditambahkan.
+- **DocBlock boleh dipakai kalau memang dibutuhkan dan penting** — bukan default yang dipasang di semua method. Untuk method standar (CRUD biasa, atau apa pun yang sudah jelas maksudnya dari nama method + return/param type PHP), **jangan** tambah DocBlock — itu pemborosan. DocBlock baru layak ditulis untuk kasus yang memang penting, misalnya:
+  1. **Generic type** yang tidak bisa diekspresikan native PHP, mis. `@return Collection<int, Student>`, `@param array<int, string>`.
+  2. **Perilaku non-obvious** yang bisa bikin pembaca salah paham kalau tidak dijelaskan: aturan bisnis tersembunyi, constraint yang tidak kelihatan dari nama method, workaround keterbatasan interface/library.
+
+  ```php
+  // Bad — DocBlock generik yang cuma mengulang nama method, tidak nambah informasi
+  /**
+   * Get the validation rules that apply to the request.
+   */
+  public function rules(): array { ... }
+
+  // Good — tanpa DocBlock sama sekali, karena nama + return type sudah cukup jelas
+  public function rules(): array { ... }
+
+  // Good — DocBlock dipertahankan karena memang menjelaskan hal yang tidak
+  // kelihatan dari signature method (fallback logic yang bisa mengejutkan)
+  /**
+   * Falls back to the one with the latest start date if none is explicitly active.
+   */
+  public function getActive(): ?AcademicTerm { ... }
+  ```
+- Komentar kode hanya untuk menjelaskan **kenapa**, bukan **apa** — kalau nama variabel/method sudah jelas, jangan tambah komentar.
+
+---
+
+## 6. Frontend (Inertia + React + TypeScript)
+
+- **Selalu jalankan `php artisan wayfinder:generate --with-form`** setelah menambah/mengubah route, controller, atau FormRequest — flag `--with-form` wajib, tanpa itu halaman auth/settings gagal `tsc`.
+- Panggil route lewat Wayfinder helper yang di-generate (`import { store } from '@/routes/...'`), **jangan** hardcode string URL di komponen React.
+- Props yang dikirim dari controller ke halaman Inertia harus sudah dalam bentuk final untuk UI (enum sudah di-`value`/`label`, tanggal sudah diformat/di-ISO-kan) — jangan lempar model Eloquent mentah tanpa transformasi eksplisit.
+- Komponen React: file `PascalCase.tsx`, satu komponen per file untuk komponen yang di-export dan dipakai di tempat lain; komponen kecil khusus halaman boleh co-located di file yang sama.
+- Tipe untuk data dari backend didefinisikan eksplisit (interface/type), jangan `any`.
+
+---
+
+## 7. Testing
+
+- Test ditulis dengan **Pest**, bukan gaya PHPUnit class-based, kecuali menyentuh kode lama yang belum dimigrasikan.
+- Nama test deskriptif dan menyatakan perilaku, bukan nama method: `it('rejects guest from updating another user's profile')`.
+- Untuk endpoint yang dilindungi permission, test **minimal** mencakup: pengguna dengan permission (berhasil), pengguna tanpa permission (403), dan — kalau ada object-level authorization — kasus user lain yang mencoba mengakses record bukan miliknya (ditolak).
+- Gunakan factory (`Model::factory()`), jangan insert manual ke DB di test.
+- Jalankan `php artisan test` (atau `vendor/bin/pest`) sebelum menganggap task selesai jika ada perubahan pada Service/Controller/Request.
+
+---
+
+## 8. Kualitas Kode & Tooling
+
+- Jalankan **Laravel Pint** (`vendor/bin/pint --parallel`) sebelum commit — style harus konsisten, jangan format manual.
+- Jalankan **Larastan** (`vendor/bin/phpstan analyse`) untuk perubahan yang menyentuh tipe/return value; perbaiki temuannya, jangan suppress kecuali benar-benar false positive dan beri alasan.
+- Jangan gunakan `@phpstan-ignore` / `@ts-ignore` sebagai jalan pintas — perbaiki akar masalah tipe-nya.
+
+---
+
+## 9. Keamanan
+
+- Validasi selalu di FormRequest (lihat §4), termasuk validasi kepemilikan record lewat `Rule::exists()` yang di-scope, bukan hanya cek ID ada di tabel mana pun.
+- Jangan expose data sensitif (password hash, token) lewat Inertia props atau API resource — pastikan `Guarded`/`hidden` pada model sudah benar dan props controller hanya kirim field yang dibutuhkan.
+- Upload file lewat satu service upload terpusat per project, jangan tulis logic upload baru per fitur — validasi mime/size selalu di FormRequest terkait.
+- Permission baru yang ditambahkan harus terdaftar di seeder permission (Spatie) dan dipasang di route lewat `permission:` middleware.

app/Enums/DegreeLevel.php

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace App\Enums;
+
+use App\Enums\Concerns\HasValues;
+
+enum DegreeLevel: string
+{
+    use HasValues;
+
+    case D3 = 'D3';
+    case D4 = 'D4';
+    case S1 = 'S1';
+    case S2 = 'S2';
+    case S3 = 'S3';
+
+    public function label(): string
+    {
+        return match ($this) {
+            self::D3 => 'D3 (Diploma Tiga)',
+            self::D4 => 'D4 (Diploma Empat)',
+            self::S1 => 'S1 (Sarjana)',
+            self::S2 => 'S2 (Magister)',
+            self::S3 => 'S3 (Doktor)',
+        };
+    }
+}

app/Enums/UserRole.php

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace App\Enums;
+
+use App\Enums\Concerns\HasValues;
+
+enum UserRole: string
+{
+    use HasValues;
+
+    case Mahasiswa = 'mahasiswa';
+    case Dosen = 'dosen';
+    case Kaprodi = 'kaprodi';
+    case StaffAdmin = 'staff-admin';
+    case StaffKeuangan = 'staff-keuangan';
+    case Developer = 'developer';
+
+    public function label(): string
+    {
+        return match ($this) {
+            self::Mahasiswa => 'Mahasiswa',
+            self::Dosen => 'Dosen',
+            self::Kaprodi => 'Ketua Program Studi',
+            self::StaffAdmin => 'Staff Admin',
+            self::StaffKeuangan => 'Staff Keuangan',
+            self::Developer => 'Developer',
+        };
+    }
+}

app/Exports/StudentsExport.php

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ class StudentsExport implements FromCollection, ShouldAutoSize, WithEvents, With
     use StyledHeadingRow;
 
     public function __construct(
+        private readonly User $user,
         private readonly string $search = '',
         private readonly ?string $gender = null,
         private readonly ?int $departmentId = null,
@@ -32,7 +33,7 @@ public function title(): string
 
     public function collection(): Enumerable
     {
-        return app(StudentService::class)->forExport($this->search, $this->gender, $this->departmentId, $this->status, $this->enrollmentYear);
+        return app(StudentService::class)->forExport($this->user, $this->search, $this->gender, $this->departmentId, $this->status, $this->enrollmentYear);
     }
 
     public function headings(): array

app/Http/Controllers/Admin/AcademicClasses/Assignment/AssignmentController.php

@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
 <?php
 
-namespace App\Http\Controllers\Admin\AcademicClasses;
+namespace App\Http\Controllers\Admin\AcademicClasses\Assignment;
 
 use App\Http\Controllers\Controller;
-use App\Http\Requests\Admin\AcademicClasses\AssignmentRequest;
+use App\Http\Requests\Admin\AcademicClasses\Assignment\AssignmentRequest;
 use App\Http\Requests\PaginatedRequest;
 use App\Models\Assignment;
-use App\Services\Admin\AcademicClasses\AssignmentService;
+use App\Services\Admin\AcademicClasses\Assignment\AssignmentService;
-use App\Services\Admin\Manage\CourseClassService;
+use App\Services\Admin\Manage\CourseClass\CourseClassService;
 use App\Services\Admin\Master\AcademicTermService;
 use Illuminate\Http\RedirectResponse;
 use Inertia\Inertia;
@@ -23,23 +23,15 @@ public function __construct(
 
     public function index(PaginatedRequest $request): Response
     {
-        $academicTermId = $request->has('academic_term_id')
-            ? $request->validated('academic_term_id')
-            : $this->academicTermService->getActive()?->id;
-
         return Inertia::render('admin/academic-classes/assignments/index', [
             'assignments' => Inertia::scroll(fn () => $this->service->paginated(
                 $request->user(),
                 ...$request->validatedWithDefaults(),
                 courseClassId: $request->validated('course_class_id'),
-                academicTermId: $academicTermId,
+                academicTermId: $this->academicTermService->getActive()?->id,
             )),
             'courseClasses' => $this->courseClassService->getAllForSelect($request->user()),
-            'academicTerms' => $this->academicTermService->getAllForSelect(),
+            'filters' => $request->only(['course_class_id']),
-            'filters' => [
-                'course_class_id' => $request->validated('course_class_id'),
-                'academic_term_id' => $academicTermId ? (string) $academicTermId : null,
-            ],
         ]);
     }
 
@@ -63,6 +55,8 @@ public function update(AssignmentRequest $request, Assignment $assignment): Redi
 
     public function destroy(Assignment $assignment): RedirectResponse
     {
+        abort_unless(request()->user()->canManageAssignment($assignment), 403);
+
         $this->service->delete($assignment);
 
         return Inertia::flash('toast', ['type' => 'success', 'message' => 'Tugas berhasil dihapus.'])->back();

app/Http/Controllers/Admin/AcademicClasses/Assignment/SubmissionController.php

@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
 <?php
 
-namespace App\Http\Controllers\Admin\AcademicClasses;
+namespace App\Http\Controllers\Admin\AcademicClasses\Assignment;
 
 use App\Http\Controllers\Controller;
-use App\Http\Requests\Admin\AcademicClasses\GradeSubmissionRequest;
+use App\Http\Requests\Admin\AcademicClasses\Assignment\SubmitAssignmentRequest;
-use App\Http\Requests\Admin\AcademicClasses\SubmitAssignmentRequest;
+use App\Http\Requests\Admin\AcademicClasses\Assignment\GradeSubmissionRequest;
 use App\Models\Assignment;
 use App\Models\Submission;
-use App\Services\Admin\AcademicClasses\SubmissionService;
+use App\Services\Admin\AcademicClasses\Assignment\SubmissionService;
 use Illuminate\Http\RedirectResponse;
 use Inertia\Inertia;
 use Inertia\Response;
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ public function __construct(
 
     public function index(Assignment $assignment): Response
     {
-        $this->abortUnlessLecturerOwnsAssignment($assignment);
+        abort_unless(request()->user()->canManageAssignment($assignment), 403);
 
         $assignment->load(['courseClass.course', 'courseClass.lecturer.user.profile', 'courseClass.academicTerm']);
 
@@ -45,17 +45,4 @@ public function submit(SubmitAssignmentRequest $request, Assignment $assignment)
 
         return to_route('admin.academic-classes.assignments.index');
     }
-
-    /**
-     * A dosen may only manage submissions for classes they lecture.
-     */
-    private function abortUnlessLecturerOwnsAssignment(Assignment $assignment): void
-    {
-        $user = request()->user();
-
-        abort_if(
-            $user->hasRole('dosen') && $assignment->courseClass?->lecturer_id !== $user->lecturer?->id,
-            403,
-        );
-    }
 }

app/Http/Controllers/Admin/AcademicClasses/AttendanceController.php

@@ -34,17 +34,6 @@ public function index(Request $request): Response
         ]);
     }
 
-    public function mine(Request $request): Response
-    {
-        $student = $request->user()->student;
-
-        abort_if(! $student, 403);
-
-        return Inertia::render('admin/academic-classes/attendances/mine', [
-            'summaries' => $this->service->forStudent($student),
-        ]);
-    }
-
     public function show(CourseClass $courseClass): Response
     {
         $this->abortUnlessLecturerOwnsClass($courseClass);

app/Http/Controllers/Admin/AcademicClasses/MaterialController.php

@@ -7,7 +7,8 @@
 use App\Http\Requests\PaginatedRequest;
 use App\Models\Material;
 use App\Services\Admin\AcademicClasses\MaterialService;
-use App\Services\Admin\Manage\CourseClassService;
+use App\Services\Admin\Manage\CourseClass\CourseClassService;
+use App\Services\Admin\Master\AcademicTermService;
 use Illuminate\Http\RedirectResponse;
 use Inertia\Inertia;
 use Inertia\Response;
@@ -17,16 +18,18 @@ class MaterialController extends Controller
     public function __construct(
         private readonly MaterialService $service,
         private readonly CourseClassService $courseClassService,
+        private readonly AcademicTermService $academicTermService,
     ) {}
 
     public function index(PaginatedRequest $request): Response
     {
         return Inertia::render('admin/academic-classes/materials/index', [
-            'materials' => $this->service->paginated(
+            'materials' => Inertia::scroll(fn () => $this->service->paginated(
                 $request->user(),
                 ...$request->validatedWithDefaults(),
                 courseClassId: $request->validated('course_class_id'),
-            ),
+                academicTermId: $this->academicTermService->getActive()?->id,
+            )),
             'courseClasses' => $this->courseClassService->getAllForSelect($request->user()),
             'filters' => $request->only(['course_class_id']),
         ]);
@@ -52,6 +55,8 @@ public function update(MaterialRequest $request, Material $material): RedirectRe
 
     public function destroy(Material $material): RedirectResponse
     {
+        abort_unless(request()->user()->canManageMaterial($material), 403);
+
         $this->service->delete($material);
 
         return Inertia::flash('toast', ['type' => 'success', 'message' => 'Materi berhasil dihapus.'])->back();

app/Http/Controllers/Admin/AcademicClasses/ScheduleController.php

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 namespace App\Http\Controllers\Admin\AcademicClasses;
 
+use App\Enums\UserRole;
 use App\Http\Controllers\Controller;
 use App\Http\Requests\Admin\AcademicClasses\ScheduleRequest;
 use App\Http\Requests\PaginatedRequest;
@@ -26,7 +27,7 @@ public function __construct(
     public function index(PaginatedRequest $request): Response
     {
         $user = $request->user();
-        $isPersonalView = $user->hasRole('mahasiswa') || $user->hasRole('dosen');
+        $isPersonalView = $user->hasRole(UserRole::Mahasiswa->value) || $user->hasRole(UserRole::Dosen->value);
 
         $academicTermId = $request->has('academic_term_id')
             ? $request->validated('academic_term_id')

app/Http/Controllers/Admin/Developer/LogController.php

@@ -22,11 +22,11 @@ public function index(PaginatedRequest $request): Response
 
         return Inertia::render('admin/developer/logs/index', [
             'entries' => $file
-                ? $this->service->paginated(
+                ? Inertia::scroll(fn () => $this->service->paginated(
                     $file,
                     ...$request->validatedWithDefaults(),
                     level: $request->validated('level'),
-                )
+                ))
                 : null,
             'files' => $files,
             'selectedFile' => $file,

app/Http/Controllers/Admin/FeedbackController.php

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 use App\Enums\FeedbackType;
 use App\Http\Controllers\Controller;
 use App\Http\Requests\Admin\Feedback\FeedbackRequest;
+use App\Http\Requests\Admin\Feedback\ReplyFeedbackRequest;
 use App\Http\Requests\Admin\Feedback\UpdateFeedbackStatusRequest;
 use App\Http\Requests\PaginatedRequest;
 use App\Models\Feedback;
@@ -24,12 +25,12 @@ public function __construct(
     public function index(PaginatedRequest $request): Response
     {
         return Inertia::render('admin/feedback/index', [
-            'feedbacks' => $this->service->paginated(
+            'feedbacks' => Inertia::scroll(fn () => $this->service->paginated(
                 $request->user(),
                 ...$request->validatedWithDefaults(),
                 type: $request->validated('type'),
                 status: $request->validated('status'),
-            ),
+            )),
             'types' => FeedbackType::options(),
             'statuses' => FeedbackStatus::options(),
             'filters' => $request->only(['type', 'status']),
@@ -55,6 +56,7 @@ public function store(FeedbackRequest $request): RedirectResponse
     public function edit(Request $request, Feedback $feedback): Response
     {
         abort_unless($feedback->user_id === $request->user()->id, 403);
+        abort_unless($feedback->status === FeedbackStatus::Submitted, 403);
 
         return Inertia::render('admin/feedback/edit', [
             'feedback' => $feedback,
@@ -64,8 +66,6 @@ public function edit(Request $request, Feedback $feedback): Response
 
     public function update(FeedbackRequest $request, Feedback $feedback): RedirectResponse
     {
-        abort_unless($feedback->user_id === $request->user()->id, 403);
-
         $this->service->update($feedback, $request->validated());
 
         Inertia::flash('toast', ['type' => 'success', 'message' => 'Masukan berhasil diperbarui.']);
@@ -73,6 +73,16 @@ public function update(FeedbackRequest $request, Feedback $feedback): RedirectRe
         return to_route('admin.feedback.index');
     }
 
+    public function destroy(Request $request, Feedback $feedback): RedirectResponse
+    {
+        abort_unless($feedback->user_id === $request->user()->id, 403);
+        abort_unless($feedback->status === FeedbackStatus::Submitted, 403);
+
+        $this->service->delete($feedback);
+
+        return Inertia::flash('toast', ['type' => 'success', 'message' => 'Masukan berhasil dihapus.'])->back();
+    }
+
     public function updateStatus(UpdateFeedbackStatusRequest $request, Feedback $feedback): RedirectResponse
     {
         $this->service->updateStatus($feedback, $request->validated('status'));
@@ -80,12 +90,10 @@ public function updateStatus(UpdateFeedbackStatusRequest $request, Feedback $fee
         return Inertia::flash('toast', ['type' => 'success', 'message' => 'Status masukan berhasil diperbarui.'])->back();
     }
 
-    public function destroy(Request $request, Feedback $feedback): RedirectResponse
+    public function reply(ReplyFeedbackRequest $request, Feedback $feedback): RedirectResponse
     {
-        abort_unless($feedback->user_id === $request->user()->id, 403);
+        $this->service->reply($feedback, $request->validated('reply'));
 
-        $this->service->delete($feedback);
+        return Inertia::flash('toast', ['type' => 'success', 'message' => 'Balasan berhasil dikirim.'])->back();
-
-        return Inertia::flash('toast', ['type' => 'success', 'message' => 'Masukan berhasil dihapus.'])->back();
     }
 }

app/Http/Controllers/Admin/Finances/TuitionInvoiceController.php

@@ -38,12 +38,12 @@ public function index(PaginatedRequest $request): Response
         $summaryTermId = $requestedTermId ?? $this->academicTermService->getActive()?->id;
 
         return Inertia::render('admin/finances/tuition-invoices/index', [
-            'invoices' => $this->service->paginated(
+            'invoices' => Inertia::scroll(fn () => $this->service->paginated(
                 ...$request->validatedWithDefaults(),
                 academicTermId: $requestedTermId,
                 status: $request->validated('status'),
                 paymentMethod: $request->validated('payment_method'),
-            ),
+            )),
             'summary' => $this->service->summary(
                 search: $request->validated('search') ?? '',
                 academicTermId: $summaryTermId,

app/Http/Controllers/Admin/Manage/AnnouncementController.php

@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@
 use App\Http\Requests\PaginatedRequest;
 use App\Models\Announcement;
 use App\Services\Admin\Manage\AnnouncementService;
-use App\Services\Admin\Master\DepartmentService;
 use Illuminate\Http\RedirectResponse;
 use Inertia\Inertia;
 use Inertia\Response;
@@ -16,18 +15,15 @@ class AnnouncementController extends Controller
 {
     public function __construct(
         private readonly AnnouncementService $service,
-        private readonly DepartmentService $departmentService,
     ) {}
 
     public function index(PaginatedRequest $request): Response
     {
         return Inertia::render('admin/manage/announcements/index', [
-            'announcements' => $this->service->paginated(
+            'announcements' => Inertia::scroll(fn () => $this->service->paginated(
+                $request->user(),
                 ...$request->validatedWithDefaults(),
-                departmentId: $request->validated('department_id'),
+            )),
-            ),
-            'departments' => $this->departmentService->getAllForSelect(),
-            'filters' => $request->only(['department_id']),
         ]);
     }
 

app/Http/Controllers/Admin/Manage/CourseClass/ClassEnrollmentController.php

@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 <?php
 
-namespace App\Http\Controllers\Admin\Manage;
+namespace App\Http\Controllers\Admin\Manage\CourseClass;
 
 use App\Http\Controllers\Controller;
 use App\Models\ClassEnrollment;
 use App\Models\CourseClass;
-use App\Services\Admin\Manage\ClassEnrollmentService;
+use App\Services\Admin\Manage\CourseClass\ClassEnrollmentService;
 use Illuminate\Http\RedirectResponse;
 use Inertia\Inertia;
 use Inertia\Response;

app/Http/Controllers/Admin/Manage/CourseClass/CourseClassController.php

@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
 <?php
 
-namespace App\Http\Controllers\Admin\Manage;
+namespace App\Http\Controllers\Admin\Manage\CourseClass;
 
 use App\Http\Controllers\Controller;
-use App\Http\Requests\Admin\Manage\CourseClassRequest;
+use App\Http\Requests\Admin\Manage\CourseClass\CourseClassRequest;
-use App\Http\Requests\Admin\Manage\DuplicateCourseClassesRequest;
+use App\Http\Requests\Admin\Manage\CourseClass\DuplicateCourseClassesRequest;
 use App\Http\Requests\PaginatedRequest;
 use App\Models\CourseClass;
-use App\Services\Admin\Manage\CourseClassService;
+use App\Services\Admin\Manage\CourseClass\CourseClassService;
 use App\Services\Admin\Master\AcademicTermService;
 use App\Services\Admin\Master\CourseService;
 use App\Services\Admin\Users\LecturerService;
@@ -27,15 +27,15 @@ public function __construct(
     public function index(PaginatedRequest $request): Response
     {
         return Inertia::render('admin/manage/course-classes/index', [
-            'courseClasses' => $this->service->paginated(
+            'courseClasses' => Inertia::scroll(fn () => $this->service->paginated(
                 ...$request->validatedWithDefaults(),
                 academicTermId: $request->validated('academic_term_id'),
                 method: $request->validated('method'),
-            ),
+            )),
             'courses' => $this->courseService->getAllForSelect(),
             'lecturers' => $this->lecturerService->getAllForSelect(),
             'academicTerms' => $this->academicTermService->getAllForSelect(),
-            'courseClassAssignments' => $this->service->getAllForSelect(),
+            'courseClassAssignments' => $this->service->getAllForSelect($request->user()),
             'filters' => $request->only(['academic_term_id', 'method']),
         ]);
     }

app/Http/Controllers/Admin/Manage/CourseRegistrationController.php

@@ -2,10 +2,12 @@
 
 namespace App\Http\Controllers\Admin\Manage;
 
+use App\Enums\UserRole;
 use App\Http\Controllers\Controller;
-use App\Http\Requests\Admin\Manage\RejectCourseRegistrationRequest;
+use App\Http\Requests\Admin\Manage\CourseRegistration\RejectCourseRegistrationRequest;
-use App\Http\Requests\Admin\Manage\SaveCourseRegistrationRequest;
+use App\Http\Requests\Admin\Manage\CourseRegistration\SignAsAdvisorCourseRegistrationRequest;
-use App\Http\Requests\Admin\Manage\SignCourseRegistrationRequest;
+use App\Http\Requests\Admin\Manage\CourseRegistration\SignAsDepartmentLeaderCourseRegistrationRequest;
+use App\Http\Requests\Admin\Manage\CourseRegistration\UpdateCourseRegistrationRequest;
 use App\Http\Requests\PaginatedRequest;
 use App\Models\Course;
 use App\Models\CourseRegistrationSubmission;
@@ -25,30 +27,27 @@ public function __construct(
 
     public function index(PaginatedRequest $request): Response|RedirectResponse
     {
-        $user = auth()->user();
+        $user = $request->user();
 
-        if ($user->hasRole('mahasiswa')) {
+        if ($user->hasRole(UserRole::Mahasiswa->value)) {
             return to_route('admin.manage.course-registrations.show', $user->student->id);
         }
 
-        $isKaprodi = $user->hasRole('kaprodi');
-
         return Inertia::render('admin/manage/course-registrations/index', [
             'departments' => $this->service->departmentSummary(),
-            'registrations' => $this->service->paginated(
+            'registrations' => Inertia::scroll(fn () => $this->service->paginated(
+                $user,
                 ...$request->validatedWithDefaults(),
                 departmentId: $request->validated('department_id'),
-                advisorLecturerId: ! $isKaprodi && $user->hasRole('dosen') ? $user->lecturer?->id : null,
+            )),
-                ledDepartmentIds: $isKaprodi ? $user->ledDepartmentIds() : null,
-            ),
             'filters' => $request->only(['department_id']),
         ]);
     }
 
     public function show(Student $student): Response
     {
-        $user = auth()->user();
+        $user = request()->user();
-        $isStudent = $user->hasRole('mahasiswa');
+        $isStudent = $user->hasRole(UserRole::Mahasiswa->value);
 
         abort_if($isStudent && $user->student->id !== $student->id, 403);
         abort_if(! $isStudent && ! $user->canAccessCourseRegistrationOf($student), 403);
@@ -61,7 +60,7 @@ public function show(Student $student): Response
             && $user->can('approve-course-registrations')
             && $user->canReviewCourseRegistrationOf($student);
 
-        $canSignAsKaprodi = $user->isKaprodiOf($student);
+        $canSignAsDepartmentLeader = $user->isDepartmentLeaderOf($student);
         $canSignAsAdvisor = $user->isAdvisorOf($student);
 
         $activeTerm = $this->academicTermService->getActive();
@@ -97,12 +96,12 @@ public function show(Student $student): Response
             'hasActiveTerm' => $activeTerm !== null,
             'backHref' => $backHref,
             'canReview' => $canReview,
-            'canSignAsKaprodi' => $canSignAsKaprodi,
+            'canSignAsDepartmentLeader' => $canSignAsDepartmentLeader,
             'canSignAsAdvisor' => $canSignAsAdvisor,
         ]);
     }
 
-    public function save(Student $student, string $semester, SaveCourseRegistrationRequest $request): RedirectResponse
+    public function update(Student $student, string $semester, UpdateCourseRegistrationRequest $request): RedirectResponse
     {
         $semesterNumber = CourseRegistrationSubmission::parseSemesterKey($semester);
 
@@ -138,23 +137,19 @@ public function save(Student $student, string $semester, SaveCourseRegistrationR
         return to_route('admin.manage.course-registrations.show', $student->id);
     }
 
-    public function signAsKaprodi(Student $student, string $semester, SignCourseRegistrationRequest $request): RedirectResponse
+    public function signAsDepartmentLeader(Student $student, string $semester, SignAsDepartmentLeaderCourseRegistrationRequest $request): RedirectResponse
     {
-        abort_unless(auth()->user()->isKaprodiOf($student), 403);
-
         $submission = $this->service->findOrCreateForSemester($student, $semester);
 
-        $this->service->signAsKaprodi($submission, $request->file('signature'));
+        $this->service->signAsDepartmentLeader($submission, $request->file('signature'));
 
         Inertia::flash('toast', ['type' => 'success', 'message' => 'Tanda tangan berhasil disimpan.']);
 
         return to_route('admin.manage.course-registrations.show', $student->id);
     }
 
-    public function signAsAdvisor(Student $student, string $semester, SignCourseRegistrationRequest $request): RedirectResponse
+    public function signAsAdvisor(Student $student, string $semester, SignAsAdvisorCourseRegistrationRequest $request): RedirectResponse
     {
-        abort_unless(auth()->user()->isAdvisorOf($student), 403);
-
         $submission = $this->service->findOrCreateForSemester($student, $semester);
 
         $this->service->signAsAdvisor($submission, $request->file('signature'));
@@ -166,7 +161,11 @@ public function signAsAdvisor(Student $student, string $semester, SignCourseRegi
 
     public function approve(CourseRegistrationSubmission $submission): RedirectResponse
     {
-        abort_unless(auth()->user()->canReviewCourseRegistrationOf($submission->student), 403);
+        abort_unless(
+            request()->user()->can('approve-course-registrations')
+                && request()->user()->canReviewCourseRegistrationOf($submission->student),
+            403
+        );
 
         $this->service->approve($submission);
 
@@ -175,8 +174,6 @@ public function approve(CourseRegistrationSubmission $submission): RedirectRespo
 
     public function reject(RejectCourseRegistrationRequest $request, CourseRegistrationSubmission $submission): RedirectResponse
     {
-        abort_unless(auth()->user()->canReviewCourseRegistrationOf($submission->student), 403);
-
         $this->service->reject($submission, $request->validated('reason'));
 
         return Inertia::flash('toast', ['type' => 'success', 'message' => 'KRS berhasil ditolak.'])->back();

app/Http/Controllers/Admin/Master/AcademicTermController.php

@@ -21,11 +21,11 @@ public function __construct(
     public function index(PaginatedRequest $request): Response
     {
         return Inertia::render('admin/master/academic-terms/index', [
-            'academicTerms' => $this->service->paginated(
+            'academicTerms' => Inertia::scroll(fn () => $this->service->paginated(
                 ...$request->validatedWithDefaults(),
                 semester: $request->validated('semester'),
-                isActive: $request->filled('is_active') ? filter_var($request->validated('is_active'), FILTER_VALIDATE_BOOLEAN) : null,
+                isActive: $request->filled('is_active') ? $request->boolean('is_active') : null,
-            ),
+            )),
             'filters' => $request->only(['semester', 'is_active']),
         ]);
     }

app/Http/Controllers/Admin/Master/CourseController.php

@@ -22,11 +22,12 @@ public function __construct(
     public function index(PaginatedRequest $request): Response
     {
         return Inertia::render('admin/master/courses/index', [
-            'courses' => $this->service->paginated(
+            'courses' => Inertia::scroll(fn () => $this->service->paginated(
+                $request->user(),
                 ...$request->validatedWithDefaults(),
                 departmentId: $request->validated('department_id'),
                 semesterNumber: $request->validated('semester_number'),
-            ),
+            )),
             'departments' => $this->departmentService->getAllForSelect(),
             'semesterNumbers' => $this->service->getSemesterNumbers(),
             'filters' => $request->only(['department_id', 'semester_number']),

app/Http/Controllers/Admin/Master/DepartmentController.php

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ public function __construct(
     public function index(PaginatedRequest $request): Response
     {
         return Inertia::render('admin/master/departments/index', [
-            'departments' => $this->service->paginated(...$request->validatedWithDefaults()),
+            'departments' => Inertia::scroll(fn () => $this->service->paginated(...$request->validatedWithDefaults())),
             'lecturers' => $this->lecturerService->getAllForSelect(),
         ]);
     }

app/Http/Controllers/Admin/Services/AcademicAdvisingLogController.php

@@ -24,10 +24,11 @@ public function __construct(
     public function index(PaginatedRequest $request): Response
     {
         return Inertia::render('admin/services/academic-advising-logs/index', [
-            'logs' => $this->service->paginated(
+            'logs' => Inertia::scroll(fn () => $this->service->paginated(
+                $request->user(),
                 ...$request->validatedWithDefaults(),
                 lecturerId: $request->validated('lecturer_id'),
-            ),
+            )),
             'students' => $this->studentService->getAllForSelect(),
             'lecturers' => $this->lecturerService->getAllForSelect(),
             'filters' => $request->only(['lecturer_id']),

app/Http/Controllers/Admin/Services/LetterRequestController.php

@@ -22,10 +22,11 @@ public function __construct(
     public function index(PaginatedRequest $request): Response
     {
         return Inertia::render('admin/services/letter-requests/index', [
-            'letterRequests' => $this->service->paginated(
+            'letterRequests' => Inertia::scroll(fn () => $this->service->paginated(
+                $request->user(),
                 ...$request->validatedWithDefaults(),
                 status: $request->validated('status'),
-            ),
+            )),
             'filters' => $request->only(['status']),
         ]);
     }
@@ -53,7 +54,7 @@ public function update(LetterRequestRequest $request, LetterRequest $letterReque
 
     public function destroy(LetterRequest $letterRequest): RedirectResponse
     {
-        abort_if($letterRequest->status !== LetterStatus::Submitted->value, 403);
+        abort_if($letterRequest->status !== LetterStatus::Submitted, 403);
 
         $this->service->delete($letterRequest);
 

app/Http/Controllers/Admin/Users/AdministratorController.php

@@ -11,7 +11,6 @@
 use Illuminate\Http\RedirectResponse;
 use Inertia\Inertia;
 use Inertia\Response;
-use Spatie\Permission\Models\Role;
 
 class AdministratorController extends Controller
 {
@@ -22,10 +21,10 @@ public function __construct(
     public function index(PaginatedRequest $request): Response
     {
         return Inertia::render('admin/users/administrators/index', [
-            'administrators' => $this->service->paginated(
+            'administrators' => Inertia::scroll(fn () => $this->service->paginated(
                 ...$request->validatedWithDefaults(),
                 gender: $request->validated('gender'),
-            ),
+            )),
             'filters' => $request->only(['gender']),
         ]);
     }
@@ -33,7 +32,7 @@ public function index(PaginatedRequest $request): Response
     public function create(): Response
     {
         return Inertia::render('admin/users/administrators/create', [
-            'roles' => Role::whereIn('name', ['staff-admin', 'staff-keuangan'])->get(['id', 'name']),
+            'roles' => $this->service->availableRoles(),
         ]);
     }
 
@@ -52,7 +51,7 @@ public function edit(User $user): Response
 
         return Inertia::render('admin/users/administrators/edit', [
             'user' => $user,
-            'roles' => Role::whereIn('name', ['staff-admin', 'staff-keuangan'])->get(['id', 'name']),
+            'roles' => $this->service->availableRoles(),
         ]);
     }
 

app/Http/Controllers/Admin/Users/LecturerController.php

@@ -26,11 +26,11 @@ public function __construct(
     public function index(PaginatedRequest $request): Response
     {
         return Inertia::render('admin/users/lecturers/index', [
-            'lecturers' => $this->service->paginated(
+            'lecturers' => Inertia::scroll(fn () => $this->service->paginated(
                 ...$request->validatedWithDefaults(),
                 gender: $request->validated('gender'),
                 departmentId: $request->validated('department_id'),
-            ),
+            )),
             'departments' => $this->departmentService->getAllForSelect(),
             'filters' => $request->only(['gender', 'department_id']),
         ]);

app/Http/Controllers/Admin/Users/StudentController.php

@@ -30,13 +30,14 @@ public function __construct(
     public function index(PaginatedRequest $request): Response
     {
         return Inertia::render('admin/users/students/index', [
-            'students' => $this->service->paginated(
+            'students' => Inertia::scroll(fn () => $this->service->paginated(
+                $request->user(),
                 ...$request->validatedWithDefaults(),
                 gender: $request->validated('gender'),
                 departmentId: $request->validated('department_id'),
                 status: $request->validated('status'),
                 enrollmentYear: $request->validated('enrollment_year'),
-            ),
+            )),
             'departments' => $this->departmentService->getAllForSelect(),
             'statuses' => StudentStatus::options(),
             'enrollmentYears' => $this->service->getEnrollmentYears(),
@@ -112,6 +113,7 @@ public function updateUserStatus(UpdateStatusRequest $request, User $user): Redi
     public function export(PaginatedRequest $request): BinaryFileResponse
     {
         return Excel::download(new StudentsExport(
+            user: $request->user(),
             search: $request->validated('search') ?? '',
             gender: $request->validated('gender'),
             departmentId: $request->validated('department_id'),

app/Http/Requests/Admin/AcademicClasses/Assignment/AssignmentRequest.php

@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
 <?php
 
-namespace App\Http\Requests\Admin\AcademicClasses;
+namespace App\Http\Requests\Admin\AcademicClasses\Assignment;
 
 use App\Enums\AssignmentStatus;
+use App\Enums\UserRole;
 use Illuminate\Foundation\Http\FormRequest;
 use Illuminate\Validation\Rule;
 
@@ -10,7 +11,12 @@ class AssignmentRequest extends FormRequest
 {
     public function authorize(): bool
     {
-        return $this->user()->can($this->isMethod('post') ? 'create-assignments' : 'update-assignments');
+        if ($this->isMethod('post')) {
+            return $this->user()->can('create-assignments');
+        }
+
+        return $this->user()->can('update-assignments')
+            && $this->user()->canManageAssignment($this->route('assignment'));
     }
 
     public function rules(): array
@@ -19,7 +25,7 @@ public function rules(): array
 
         $courseClassRule = Rule::exists('course_classes', 'id');
 
-        if ($user->hasRole('dosen')) {
+        if ($user->hasRole(UserRole::Dosen->value)) {
             $courseClassRule->where('lecturer_id', $user->lecturer?->id);
         }
 

app/Http/Requests/Admin/AcademicClasses/Assignment/GradeSubmissionRequest.php

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace App\Http\Requests\Admin\AcademicClasses\Assignment;
+
+use Illuminate\Foundation\Http\FormRequest;
+
+class GradeSubmissionRequest extends FormRequest
+{
+    public function authorize(): bool
+    {
+        return $this->user()->can('update-assignment-submissions')
+            && $this->user()->canManageAssignment($this->route('assignment'));
+    }
+
+    public function rules(): array
+    {
+        return [
+            'score' => ['nullable', 'numeric', 'min:0', 'max:100'],
+        ];
+    }
+}

app/Http/Requests/Admin/AcademicClasses/Assignment/SubmitAssignmentRequest.php

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 <?php
 
-namespace App\Http\Requests\Admin\AcademicClasses;
+namespace App\Http\Requests\Admin\AcademicClasses\Assignment;
 
 use App\Enums\AssignmentStatus;
 use App\Enums\RegistrationStatus;

app/Http/Requests/Admin/AcademicClasses/GradeSubmissionRequest.php

@@ -1,31 +0,0 @@
-<?php
-
-namespace App\Http\Requests\Admin\AcademicClasses;
-
-use Illuminate\Foundation\Http\FormRequest;
-
-class GradeSubmissionRequest extends FormRequest
-{
-    public function authorize(): bool
-    {
-        if (! $this->user()->can('update-assignment-submissions')) {
-            return false;
-        }
-
-        $user = $this->user();
-        $assignment = $this->route('assignment');
-
-        if ($user->hasRole('dosen') && $assignment?->courseClass?->lecturer_id !== $user->lecturer?->id) {
-            return false;
-        }
-
-        return true;
-    }
-
-    public function rules(): array
-    {
-        return [
-            'score' => ['nullable', 'numeric', 'min:0', 'max:100'],
-        ];
-    }
-}

app/Http/Requests/Admin/AcademicClasses/MaterialRequest.php

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 namespace App\Http\Requests\Admin\AcademicClasses;
 
+use App\Enums\UserRole;
 use Illuminate\Foundation\Http\FormRequest;
 use Illuminate\Validation\Rule;
 
@@ -9,7 +10,12 @@ class MaterialRequest extends FormRequest
 {
     public function authorize(): bool
     {
-        return $this->user()->can($this->isMethod('post') ? 'create-materials' : 'update-materials');
+        if ($this->isMethod('post')) {
+            return $this->user()->can('create-materials');
+        }
+
+        return $this->user()->can('update-materials')
+            && $this->user()->canManageMaterial($this->route('material'));
     }
 
     public function rules(): array
@@ -18,7 +24,7 @@ public function rules(): array
 
         $courseClassRule = Rule::exists('course_classes', 'id');
 
-        if ($user->hasRole('dosen')) {
+        if ($user->hasRole(UserRole::Dosen->value)) {
             $courseClassRule->where('lecturer_id', $user->lecturer?->id);
         }
 

app/Http/Requests/Admin/AcademicClasses/ScheduleRequest.php

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ public function rules(): array
     {
         return [
             'course_class_id' => ['required', 'integer', Rule::exists('course_classes', 'id')],
-            'day_of_week' => ['required', 'string', Rule::in(DayOfWeek::values())],
+            'day_of_week' => ['required', 'string', Rule::enum(DayOfWeek::class)],
             'start_time' => ['required', 'date_format:H:i'],
             'end_time' => ['required', 'date_format:H:i', 'after:start_time'],
             'room' => ['nullable', 'string', 'max:20'],

app/Http/Requests/Admin/Feedback/FeedbackRequest.php

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 namespace App\Http\Requests\Admin\Feedback;
 
+use App\Enums\FeedbackStatus;
 use App\Enums\FeedbackType;
 use Illuminate\Foundation\Http\FormRequest;
 use Illuminate\Validation\Rule;
@@ -10,13 +11,21 @@ class FeedbackRequest extends FormRequest
 {
     public function authorize(): bool
     {
-        return $this->user()->can($this->isMethod('post') ? 'create-feedback' : 'update-feedback');
+        if ($this->isMethod('post')) {
+            return $this->user()->can('create-feedback');
+        }
+
+        $feedback = $this->route('feedback');
+
+        return $this->user()->can('update-feedback')
+            && $feedback->user_id === $this->user()->id
+            && $feedback->status === FeedbackStatus::Submitted;
     }
 
     public function rules(): array
     {
         return [
-            'type' => ['required', 'string', Rule::in(FeedbackType::values())],
+            'type' => ['required', 'string', Rule::enum(FeedbackType::class)],
             'subject' => ['required', 'string', 'max:150'],
             'message' => ['required', 'string'],
         ];

app/Http/Requests/Admin/Feedback/ReplyFeedbackRequest.php

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace App\Http\Requests\Admin\Feedback;
+
+use Illuminate\Foundation\Http\FormRequest;
+
+class ReplyFeedbackRequest extends FormRequest
+{
+    public function authorize(): bool
+    {
+        return $this->user()->can('reply-feedback');
+    }
+
+    public function rules(): array
+    {
+        return [
+            'reply' => ['required', 'string'],
+        ];
+    }
+}

app/Http/Requests/Admin/Manage/AnnouncementRequest.php

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 namespace App\Http\Requests\Admin\Manage;
 
+use App\Enums\UserRole;
 use Illuminate\Foundation\Http\FormRequest;
 use Illuminate\Validation\Rule;
 
@@ -17,8 +18,10 @@ public function rules(): array
         return [
             'title' => ['required', 'string', 'max:200'],
             'content' => ['required', 'string'],
-            'department_id' => ['nullable', 'integer', Rule::exists('departments', 'id')],
+            'target_roles' => ['required', 'array', 'min:1'],
-            'enrollment_year' => ['nullable', 'integer', 'digits:4'],
+            'target_roles.*' => [
+                Rule::enum(UserRole::class)->only([UserRole::Mahasiswa, UserRole::Dosen]),
+            ],
         ];
     }
 }

app/Http/Requests/Admin/Manage/CourseClass/CourseClassRequest.php

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 <?php
 
-namespace App\Http\Requests\Admin\Manage;
+namespace App\Http\Requests\Admin\Manage\CourseClass;
 
 use App\Enums\ClassMethod;
 use App\Enums\Semester;
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ function ($attribute, $value, $fail) {
                     },
                 ],
                 'academic_term_id' => ['required', 'integer', Rule::exists('academic_terms', 'id')],
-                'method' => ['nullable', 'string', Rule::in(ClassMethod::values())],
+                'method' => ['nullable', 'string', Rule::enum(ClassMethod::class)],
             ];
         }
 
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ function ($attribute, $value, $fail) {
                 Rule::exists('lecturer_department', 'lecturer_id')->where('department_id', $departmentId),
             ],
             'academic_term_id' => ['required', 'integer', Rule::exists('academic_terms', 'id')],
-            'method' => ['nullable', 'string', Rule::in(ClassMethod::values())],
+            'method' => ['nullable', 'string', Rule::enum(ClassMethod::class)],
         ];
     }
 }

app/Http/Requests/Admin/Manage/CourseClass/DuplicateCourseClassesRequest.php

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 <?php
 
-namespace App\Http\Requests\Admin\Manage;
+namespace App\Http\Requests\Admin\Manage\CourseClass;
 
 use App\Models\AcademicTerm;
 use Illuminate\Foundation\Http\FormRequest;

app/Http/Requests/Admin/Manage/CourseRegistration/RejectCourseRegistrationRequest.php

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 <?php
 
-namespace App\Http\Requests\Admin\Manage;
+namespace App\Http\Requests\Admin\Manage\CourseRegistration;
 
 use Illuminate\Foundation\Http\FormRequest;
 
@@ -8,7 +8,8 @@ class RejectCourseRegistrationRequest extends FormRequest
 {
     public function authorize(): bool
     {
-        return $this->user()->can('reject-course-registrations');
+        return $this->user()->can('reject-course-registrations')
+            && $this->user()->canReviewCourseRegistrationOf($this->route('submission')->student);
     }
 
     public function rules(): array
@@ -17,11 +18,4 @@ public function rules(): array
             'reason' => ['required', 'string', 'max:1000'],
         ];
     }
-
-    public function messages(): array
-    {
-        return [
-            'reason.required' => 'Alasan penolakan wajib diisi.',
-        ];
-    }
 }

app/Http/Requests/Admin/Manage/CourseRegistration/SignAsAdvisorCourseRegistrationRequest.php

@@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
 <?php
 
-namespace App\Http\Requests\Admin\Manage;
+namespace App\Http\Requests\Admin\Manage\CourseRegistration;
 
 use Illuminate\Foundation\Http\FormRequest;
 
-class SignCourseRegistrationRequest extends FormRequest
+class SignAsAdvisorCourseRegistrationRequest extends FormRequest
 {
     public function authorize(): bool
     {
-        return true;
+        return $this->user()->isAdvisorOf($this->route('student'));
     }
 
     public function rules(): array

app/Http/Requests/Admin/Manage/CourseRegistration/SignAsDepartmentLeaderCourseRegistrationRequest.php

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace App\Http\Requests\Admin\Manage\CourseRegistration;
+
+use Illuminate\Foundation\Http\FormRequest;
+
+class SignAsDepartmentLeaderCourseRegistrationRequest extends FormRequest
+{
+    public function authorize(): bool
+    {
+        return $this->user()->isDepartmentLeaderOf($this->route('student'));
+    }
+
+    public function rules(): array
+    {
+        return [
+            'signature' => ['required', 'file', 'image', 'max:2048'],
+        ];
+    }
+}

app/Http/Requests/Admin/Manage/CourseRegistration/UpdateCourseRegistrationRequest.php

@@ -1,16 +1,17 @@
 <?php
 
-namespace App\Http\Requests\Admin\Manage;
+namespace App\Http\Requests\Admin\Manage\CourseRegistration;
 
+use App\Enums\UserRole;
 use Illuminate\Foundation\Http\FormRequest;
 
-class SaveCourseRegistrationRequest extends FormRequest
+class UpdateCourseRegistrationRequest extends FormRequest
 {
     public function authorize(): bool
     {
         $student = $this->route('student');
 
-        return $this->user()->hasRole('mahasiswa')
+        return $this->user()->hasRole(UserRole::Mahasiswa->value)
             && $this->user()->student?->id === $student?->id;
     }
 

app/Http/Requests/Admin/Master/AcademicTermRequest.php

@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ function ($attribute, $value, $fail) {
             'semester' => [
                 'required',
                 'string',
-                Rule::in(Semester::values()),
+                Rule::enum(Semester::class),
                 Rule::unique('academic_terms')->where(function ($query) {
                     return $query->where('academic_year', $this->input('academic_year'));
                 })->ignore($this->route('academic_term')),

app/Http/Requests/Admin/Master/DepartmentRequest.php

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 namespace App\Http\Requests\Admin\Master;
 
+use App\Enums\DegreeLevel;
 use Illuminate\Foundation\Http\FormRequest;
 use Illuminate\Validation\Rule;
 
@@ -22,7 +23,7 @@ public function rules(): array
                 Rule::unique('departments')->ignore($this->route('department')),
             ],
             'name' => ['required', 'string', 'max:100'],
-            'degree_level' => ['nullable', 'string', Rule::in(['D3', 'D4', 'S1', 'S2', 'S3'])],
+            'degree_level' => ['nullable', 'string', Rule::enum(DegreeLevel::class)],
             'lecturer_id' => [
                 'nullable',
                 Rule::requiredIf($this->route('department') !== null),

app/Http/Requests/Admin/Services/LetterRequest/LetterRequestRequest.php

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ public function authorize(): bool
 
         return $this->user()->can('update-letter-requests')
             && $letterRequest->user_id === $this->user()->id
-            && $letterRequest->status === LetterStatus::Submitted->value;
+            && $letterRequest->status === LetterStatus::Submitted;
     }
 
     public function rules(): array

app/Http/Requests/Admin/Users/AdministratorRequest.php

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 namespace App\Http\Requests\Admin\Users;
 
 use App\Enums\Gender;
+use App\Enums\UserRole;
 use Illuminate\Foundation\Http\FormRequest;
 use Illuminate\Validation\Rule;
 
@@ -37,13 +38,17 @@ public function rules(): array
                     ? Rule::unique('users')
                     : Rule::unique('users')->ignore($userId),
             ],
-            'role' => ['required', 'string', Rule::in(['staff-admin', 'staff-keuangan'])],
+            'role' => [
+                'required',
+                'string',
+                Rule::enum(UserRole::class)->only([UserRole::StaffAdmin, UserRole::StaffKeuangan]),
+            ],
 
             // Profile
             'full_name' => ['required', 'string', 'max:150'],
             'phone_number' => ['required', 'string', 'max:20'],
             'address' => ['required', 'string'],
-            'gender' => ['required', 'string', Rule::in(Gender::values())],
+            'gender' => ['required', 'string', Rule::enum(Gender::class)],
             'birth_date' => ['required', 'date'],
             'birth_place' => ['required', 'string', 'max:100'],
         ];

app/Http/Requests/Admin/Users/LecturerRequest.php

@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ public function rules(): array
             'full_name' => ['required', 'string', 'max:150'],
             'phone_number' => ['required', 'string', 'max:20'],
             'address' => ['required', 'string'],
-            'gender' => ['required', 'string', Rule::in(Gender::values())],
+            'gender' => ['required', 'string', Rule::enum(Gender::class)],
             'birth_date' => ['required', 'date'],
             'birth_place' => ['required', 'string', 'max:100'],
 

app/Http/Requests/Admin/Users/Student/StudentRequest.php

@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ public function rules(): array
             'full_name' => ['required', 'string', 'max:150'],
             'phone_number' => ['required', 'string', 'max:20'],
             'address' => ['required', 'string'],
-            'gender' => ['required', 'string', Rule::in(Gender::values())],
+            'gender' => ['required', 'string', Rule::enum(Gender::class)],
             'birth_date' => ['required', 'date'],
             'birth_place' => ['required', 'string', 'max:100'],
 
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ public function rules(): array
             'status' => [
                 'nullable',
                 'string',
-                Rule::in(StudentStatus::values()),
+                Rule::enum(StudentStatus::class),
             ],
         ];
     }

app/Http/Requests/Admin/Users/Student/StudentStatusRequest.php

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ public function authorize(): bool
     public function rules(): array
     {
         return [
-            'status' => ['required', 'string', Rule::in(StudentStatus::values())],
+            'status' => ['required', 'string', Rule::enum(StudentStatus::class)],
         ];
     }
 }

app/Http/Requests/PaginatedRequest.php

@@ -22,19 +22,19 @@ public function rules(): array
             'per_page' => ['nullable', 'integer', 'in:25,50,100,999999'],
             'search' => ['nullable', 'string', 'max:255'],
             'highlight' => ['nullable', 'integer'],
-            'gender' => ['nullable', 'string', Rule::in(Gender::values())],
+            'gender' => ['nullable', 'string', Rule::enum(Gender::class)],
             'department_id' => ['nullable', 'integer'],
             'status' => ['nullable', 'string'],
             'enrollment_year' => ['nullable', 'integer'],
             'semester_number' => ['nullable', 'integer'],
-            'semester' => ['nullable', 'string', Rule::in(Semester::values())],
+            'semester' => ['nullable', 'string', Rule::enum(Semester::class)],
             'is_active' => ['nullable', Rule::in(['true', 'false'])],
             'academic_term_id' => ['nullable', 'integer'],
-            'method' => ['nullable', 'string', Rule::in(ClassMethod::values())],
+            'method' => ['nullable', 'string', Rule::enum(ClassMethod::class)],
             'course_class_id' => ['nullable', 'integer'],
             'lecturer_id' => ['nullable', 'integer'],
             'type' => ['nullable', 'string'],
-            'payment_method' => ['nullable', 'string', Rule::in(PaymentMethod::values())],
+            'payment_method' => ['nullable', 'string', Rule::enum(PaymentMethod::class)],
             'file' => ['nullable', 'string'],
             'level' => ['nullable', 'string'],
         ];

app/Models/AcademicAdvisingLog.php

@@ -13,13 +13,13 @@ class AcademicAdvisingLog extends Model
 {
     use HasFactory;
 
-    public function students(): BelongsToMany
-    {
-        return $this->belongsToMany(Student::class);
-    }
-
     public function lecturer(): BelongsTo
     {
         return $this->belongsTo(Lecturer::class);
     }
+
+    public function students(): BelongsToMany
+    {
+        return $this->belongsToMany(Student::class);
+    }
 }

app/Models/AcademicTerm.php

@@ -16,6 +16,21 @@ class AcademicTerm extends Model
 {
     use HasFactory;
 
+    public function courseClasses(): HasMany
+    {
+        return $this->hasMany(CourseClass::class);
+    }
+
+    public function courseRegistrations(): HasMany
+    {
+        return $this->hasMany(CourseRegistration::class);
+    }
+
+    public function courseRegistrationSubmissions(): HasMany
+    {
+        return $this->hasMany(CourseRegistrationSubmission::class);
+    }
+
     public function tuitionInvoices(): HasMany
     {
         return $this->hasMany(TuitionInvoice::class);

app/Models/Announcement.php

@@ -13,9 +13,11 @@ class Announcement extends Model
 {
     use HasFactory, SoftDeletes;
 
-    public function department(): BelongsTo
+    protected function casts(): array
     {
-        return $this->belongsTo(Department::class);
+        return [
+            'target_roles' => 'array',
+        ];
     }
 
     public function creator(): BelongsTo

app/Models/CourseClass.php

@@ -22,6 +22,11 @@ protected function casts(): array
         ];
     }
 
+    public function academicTerm(): BelongsTo
+    {
+        return $this->belongsTo(AcademicTerm::class);
+    }
+
     public function course(): BelongsTo
     {
         return $this->belongsTo(Course::class);
@@ -32,9 +37,14 @@ public function lecturer(): BelongsTo
         return $this->belongsTo(Lecturer::class);
     }
 
-    public function academicTerm(): BelongsTo
+    public function assignments(): HasMany
     {
-        return $this->belongsTo(AcademicTerm::class);
+        return $this->hasMany(Assignment::class);
+    }
+
+    public function attendances(): HasMany
+    {
+        return $this->hasMany(Attendance::class);
     }
 
     public function enrollments(): HasMany
@@ -47,23 +57,13 @@ public function materials(): HasMany
         return $this->hasMany(Material::class);
     }
 
-    public function assignments(): HasMany
+    public function registrations(): HasMany
     {
-        return $this->hasMany(Assignment::class);
+        return $this->hasMany(CourseRegistration::class);
     }
 
     public function schedules(): HasMany
     {
         return $this->hasMany(Schedule::class);
     }
-
-    public function attendances(): HasMany
-    {
-        return $this->hasMany(Attendance::class);
-    }
-
-    public function registrations(): HasMany
-    {
-        return $this->hasMany(CourseRegistration::class);
-    }
 }

app/Models/CourseRegistration.php

@@ -12,11 +12,6 @@ class CourseRegistration extends Model
 {
     use HasFactory;
 
-    public function student(): BelongsTo
-    {
-        return $this->belongsTo(Student::class);
-    }
-
     public function academicTerm(): BelongsTo
     {
         return $this->belongsTo(AcademicTerm::class);
@@ -27,6 +22,11 @@ public function courseClass(): BelongsTo
         return $this->belongsTo(CourseClass::class);
     }
 
+    public function student(): BelongsTo
+    {
+        return $this->belongsTo(Student::class);
+    }
+
     public function submission(): BelongsTo
     {
         return $this->belongsTo(CourseRegistrationSubmission::class, 'submission_id');

app/Models/CourseRegistrationSubmission.php

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
 use Spatie\MediaLibrary\InteractsWithMedia;
 
 #[Guarded(['id'])]
-#[Appends(['signature_url', 'kaprodi_signature_url', 'advisor_signature_url'])]
+#[Appends(['signature_url', 'department_leader_signature_url', 'advisor_signature_url'])]
 class CourseRegistrationSubmission extends Model implements HasMedia
 {
     use InteractsWithMedia;
@@ -31,15 +31,10 @@ protected function casts(): array
     public function registerMediaCollections(): void
     {
         $this->addMediaCollection('signature')->singleFile();
-        $this->addMediaCollection('kaprodi_signature')->singleFile();
+        $this->addMediaCollection('department_leader_signature')->singleFile();
         $this->addMediaCollection('advisor_signature')->singleFile();
     }
 
-    public function student(): BelongsTo
-    {
-        return $this->belongsTo(Student::class);
-    }
-
     public function academicTerm(): BelongsTo
     {
         return $this->belongsTo(AcademicTerm::class);
@@ -50,6 +45,11 @@ public function reviewer(): BelongsTo
         return $this->belongsTo(User::class, 'reviewed_by');
     }
 
+    public function student(): BelongsTo
+    {
+        return $this->belongsTo(Student::class);
+    }
+
     public function courseRegistrations(): HasMany
     {
         return $this->hasMany(CourseRegistration::class, 'submission_id');
@@ -67,10 +67,10 @@ protected function signatureUrl(): Attribute
         );
     }
 
-    protected function kaprodiSignatureUrl(): Attribute
+    protected function departmentLeaderSignatureUrl(): Attribute
     {
         return Attribute::make(
-            get: fn () => $this->getFirstMediaUrl('kaprodi_signature') ?: null,
+            get: fn () => $this->getFirstMediaUrl('department_leader_signature') ?: null,
         );
     }
 

app/Models/CourseRegistrationSubmissionLog.php

@@ -17,13 +17,13 @@ protected function casts(): array
         ];
     }
 
-    public function submission(): BelongsTo
-    {
-        return $this->belongsTo(CourseRegistrationSubmission::class, 'submission_id');
-    }
-
     public function actor(): BelongsTo
     {
         return $this->belongsTo(User::class, 'actor_id');
     }
+
+    public function submission(): BelongsTo
+    {
+        return $this->belongsTo(CourseRegistrationSubmission::class, 'submission_id');
+    }
 }

app/Models/Department.php

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 namespace App\Models;
 
+use App\Enums\DegreeLevel;
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Attributes\Guarded;
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\HasFactory;
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
@@ -15,14 +16,21 @@ class Department extends Model
 {
     use HasFactory, SoftDeletes;
 
-    public function lecturers(): BelongsToMany
+    protected function casts(): array
     {
-        return $this->belongsToMany(Lecturer::class, 'lecturer_department');
+        return [
+            'degree_level' => DegreeLevel::class,
+        ];
     }
 
-    public function students(): HasMany
+    public function currentLeader(): HasOne
     {
-        return $this->hasMany(Student::class);
+        return $this->hasOne(DepartmentLeadership::class)->whereNull('ended_at');
+    }
+
+    public function courses(): HasMany
+    {
+        return $this->hasMany(Course::class);
     }
 
     public function leaderships(): HasMany
@@ -30,8 +38,13 @@ public function leaderships(): HasMany
         return $this->hasMany(DepartmentLeadership::class);
     }
 
-    public function currentLeader(): HasOne
+    public function students(): HasMany
     {
-        return $this->hasOne(DepartmentLeadership::class)->whereNull('ended_at');
+        return $this->hasMany(Student::class);
+    }
+
+    public function lecturers(): BelongsToMany
+    {
+        return $this->belongsToMany(Lecturer::class, 'lecturer_department');
     }
 }

app/Models/Feedback.php

@@ -21,16 +21,17 @@ protected function casts(): array
         return [
             'type' => FeedbackType::class,
             'status' => FeedbackStatus::class,
+            'replied_at' => 'datetime',
         ];
     }
 
-    public function user(): BelongsTo
-    {
-        return $this->belongsTo(User::class);
-    }
-
     public function handler(): BelongsTo
     {
         return $this->belongsTo(User::class, 'handled_by');
     }
+
+    public function user(): BelongsTo
+    {
+        return $this->belongsTo(User::class);
+    }
 }

app/Models/Lecturer.php

@@ -20,9 +20,9 @@ public function user(): BelongsTo
         return $this->belongsTo(User::class);
     }
 
-    public function departments(): BelongsToMany
+    public function academicAdvisingLogs(): HasMany
     {
-        return $this->belongsToMany(Department::class, 'lecturer_department');
+        return $this->hasMany(AcademicAdvisingLog::class);
     }
 
     public function advisees(): HasMany
@@ -30,13 +30,18 @@ public function advisees(): HasMany
         return $this->hasMany(Student::class, 'academic_advisor_id');
     }
 
+    public function courseClasses(): HasMany
+    {
+        return $this->hasMany(CourseClass::class);
+    }
+
     public function leaderships(): HasMany
     {
         return $this->hasMany(DepartmentLeadership::class);
     }
 
-    public function academicAdvisingLogs(): HasMany
+    public function departments(): BelongsToMany
     {
-        return $this->hasMany(AcademicAdvisingLog::class);
+        return $this->belongsToMany(Department::class, 'lecturer_department');
     }
 }

app/Models/LetterRequest.php

@@ -32,16 +32,16 @@ public function registerMediaCollections(): void
         $this->addMediaCollection('letter_result')->singleFile();
     }
 
-    public function user(): BelongsTo
-    {
-        return $this->belongsTo(User::class);
-    }
-
     public function processor(): BelongsTo
     {
         return $this->belongsTo(User::class, 'processed_by');
     }
 
+    public function user(): BelongsTo
+    {
+        return $this->belongsTo(User::class);
+    }
+
     protected function resultUrl(): Attribute
     {
         return Attribute::make(

app/Models/Mahasiswa.php

@@ -1,10 +0,0 @@
-<?php
-
-namespace App\Models;
-
-use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
-
-class Mahasiswa extends Model
-{
-    //
-}

app/Models/Notification.php

@@ -19,13 +19,13 @@ protected function casts(): array
         ];
     }
 
-    public function user(): BelongsTo
-    {
-        return $this->belongsTo(User::class);
-    }
-
     public function creator(): BelongsTo
     {
         return $this->belongsTo(User::class, 'created_by');
     }
+
+    public function user(): BelongsTo
+    {
+        return $this->belongsTo(User::class);
+    }
 }

app/Models/Student.php

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\BelongsTo;
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\HasMany;
+use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\HasManyThrough;
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\SoftDeletes;
 
 #[Guarded(['id'])]
@@ -22,9 +23,9 @@ protected function casts(): array
         ];
     }
 
-    public function user(): BelongsTo
+    public function academicAdvisor(): BelongsTo
     {
-        return $this->belongsTo(User::class);
+        return $this->belongsTo(Lecturer::class, 'academic_advisor_id');
     }
 
     public function department(): BelongsTo
@@ -32,19 +33,14 @@ public function department(): BelongsTo
         return $this->belongsTo(Department::class);
     }
 
-    public function academicAdvisor(): BelongsTo
+    public function user(): BelongsTo
     {
-        return $this->belongsTo(Lecturer::class, 'academic_advisor_id');
+        return $this->belongsTo(User::class);
     }
 
-    public function enrollments(): HasMany
+    public function academicAdvisingLogs(): HasMany
     {
-        return $this->hasMany(ClassEnrollment::class);
+        return $this->hasMany(AcademicAdvisingLog::class);
-    }
-
-    public function submissions(): HasMany
-    {
-        return $this->hasMany(Submission::class);
     }
 
     public function attendances(): HasMany
@@ -52,11 +48,6 @@ public function attendances(): HasMany
         return $this->hasMany(Attendance::class);
     }
 
-    public function tuitionInvoices(): HasMany
-    {
-        return $this->hasMany(TuitionInvoice::class);
-    }
-
     public function courseRegistrations(): HasMany
     {
         return $this->hasMany(CourseRegistration::class);
@@ -67,13 +58,30 @@ public function courseRegistrationSubmissions(): HasMany
         return $this->hasMany(CourseRegistrationSubmission::class);
     }
 
-    public function letterRequests(): HasMany
+    public function enrollments(): HasMany
     {
-        return $this->hasMany(LetterRequest::class);
+        return $this->hasMany(ClassEnrollment::class);
     }
 
-    public function academicAdvisingLogs(): HasMany
+    public function submissions(): HasMany
     {
-        return $this->hasMany(AcademicAdvisingLog::class);
+        return $this->hasMany(Submission::class);
+    }
+
+    public function tuitionInvoices(): HasMany
+    {
+        return $this->hasMany(TuitionInvoice::class);
+    }
+
+    public function letterRequests(): HasManyThrough
+    {
+        return $this->hasManyThrough(
+            LetterRequest::class,
+            User::class,
+            'id',
+            'user_id',
+            'user_id',
+            'id',
+        );
     }
 }

app/Models/TuitionInvoice.php

@@ -21,16 +21,16 @@ protected function casts(): array
         ];
     }
 
-    public function student(): BelongsTo
-    {
-        return $this->belongsTo(Student::class);
-    }
-
     public function academicTerm(): BelongsTo
     {
         return $this->belongsTo(AcademicTerm::class);
     }
 
+    public function student(): BelongsTo
+    {
+        return $this->belongsTo(Student::class);
+    }
+
     public function payments(): HasMany
     {
         return $this->hasMany(TuitionPayment::class, 'invoice_id');

app/Models/User.php

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 namespace App\Models;
 
+use App\Enums\UserRole;
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Attributes\Appends;
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Attributes\Guarded;
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Attributes\Hidden;
@@ -38,6 +39,11 @@ protected function fullName(): Attribute
         return Attribute::get(fn () => $this->profile?->full_name ?? $this->username);
     }
 
+    public function lecturer(): HasOne
+    {
+        return $this->hasOne(Lecturer::class);
+    }
+
     public function profile(): HasOne
     {
         return $this->hasOne(UserProfile::class);
@@ -48,14 +54,19 @@ public function student(): HasOne
         return $this->hasOne(Student::class);
     }
 
-    public function lecturer(): HasOne
+    public function courseRegistrationSubmissionLogs(): HasMany
     {
-        return $this->hasOne(Lecturer::class);
+        return $this->hasMany(CourseRegistrationSubmissionLog::class, 'actor_id');
     }
 
-    public function notifications(): HasMany
+    public function createdAnnouncements(): HasMany
     {
-        return $this->hasMany(Notification::class);
+        return $this->hasMany(Announcement::class, 'created_by');
+    }
+
+    public function createdNotifications(): HasMany
+    {
+        return $this->hasMany(Notification::class, 'created_by');
     }
 
     public function feedbacks(): HasMany
@@ -63,40 +74,100 @@ public function feedbacks(): HasMany
         return $this->hasMany(Feedback::class);
     }
 
-    public function isAdvisorOf(Student $student): bool
+    public function handledFeedbacks(): HasMany
     {
-        return $this->hasRole('dosen') && $this->lecturer && $student->academic_advisor_id === $this->lecturer->id;
+        return $this->hasMany(Feedback::class, 'handled_by');
     }
 
-    public function isKaprodiOf(Student $student): bool
+    public function letterRequests(): HasMany
     {
-        return $this->hasRole('kaprodi') && $this->lecturer && $student->department?->currentLeader?->lecturer_id === $this->lecturer->id;
+        return $this->hasMany(LetterRequest::class);
+    }
+
+    public function notifications(): HasMany
+    {
+        return $this->hasMany(Notification::class);
+    }
+
+    public function processedLetterRequests(): HasMany
+    {
+        return $this->hasMany(LetterRequest::class, 'processed_by');
+    }
+
+    public function recordedTuitionPayments(): HasMany
+    {
+        return $this->hasMany(TuitionPayment::class, 'recorded_by');
+    }
+
+    public function reviewedCourseRegistrationSubmissions(): HasMany
+    {
+        return $this->hasMany(CourseRegistrationSubmission::class, 'reviewed_by');
+    }
+
+    public function uploads(): HasMany
+    {
+        return $this->hasMany(EditorUpload::class, 'uploaded_by');
     }
 
     /**
-     * Gates page access: the student's academic advisor, the kaprodi of
+     * A dosen may only manage (update/delete) materials of classes they lecture.
-     * their department, or staff roles may view a student's KRS.
      */
-    public function canAccessCourseRegistrationOf(Student $student): bool
+    public function canManageMaterial(Material $material): bool
     {
-        if ($this->hasRole('dosen') || $this->hasRole('kaprodi')) {
+        if ($this->hasRole(UserRole::Dosen->value)) {
-            return $this->isAdvisorOf($student) || $this->isKaprodiOf($student);
+            return $material->courseClass->lecturer_id === $this->lecturer?->id;
         }
 
         return true;
     }
 
     /**
-     * Only the student's academic advisor may approve/reject; the kaprodi
+     * A dosen may only manage assignments (update/delete) and their submissions
-     * signs but does not decide. Other staff roles retain override access.
+     * (view/grade) for classes they lecture.
+     */
+    public function canManageAssignment(Assignment $assignment): bool
+    {
+        if ($this->hasRole(UserRole::Dosen->value)) {
+            return $assignment->courseClass->lecturer_id === $this->lecturer?->id;
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    public function isAdvisorOf(Student $student): bool
+    {
+        return $this->hasRole(UserRole::Dosen->value) && $this->lecturer && $student->academic_advisor_id === $this->lecturer->id;
+    }
+
+    public function isDepartmentLeaderOf(Student $student): bool
+    {
+        return $this->hasRole(UserRole::Kaprodi->value) && $this->lecturer && $student->department?->currentLeader?->lecturer_id === $this->lecturer->id;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gates page access: the student's academic advisor, the department
+     * leader of their department, or staff roles may view a student's KRS.
+     */
+    public function canAccessCourseRegistrationOf(Student $student): bool
+    {
+        if ($this->hasRole(UserRole::Dosen->value) || $this->hasRole(UserRole::Kaprodi->value)) {
+            return $this->isAdvisorOf($student) || $this->isDepartmentLeaderOf($student);
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Only the student's academic advisor may approve/reject; the department
+     * leader signs but does not decide. Other staff roles retain override access.
      */
     public function canReviewCourseRegistrationOf(Student $student): bool
     {
-        if ($this->hasRole('dosen')) {
+        if ($this->hasRole(UserRole::Dosen->value)) {
             return $this->isAdvisorOf($student);
         }
 
-        if ($this->hasRole('kaprodi')) {
+        if ($this->hasRole(UserRole::Kaprodi->value)) {
             return false;
         }
 

app/Services/Admin/AcademicClasses/Assignment/AssignmentService.php

@@ -1,42 +1,52 @@
 <?php
 
-namespace App\Services\Admin\AcademicClasses;
+namespace App\Services\Admin\AcademicClasses\Assignment;
 
 use App\Enums\AssignmentStatus;
 use App\Enums\RegistrationStatus;
+use App\Enums\UserRole;
 use App\Models\Assignment;
+use App\Models\CourseRegistration;
 use App\Models\User;
+use App\Services\NotificationService;
 use Illuminate\Contracts\Pagination\LengthAwarePaginator;
 use Illuminate\Http\UploadedFile;
 
 class AssignmentService
 {
+    public function __construct(
+        private readonly NotificationService $notificationService,
+    ) {}
+
     public function paginated(User $user, int $perPage = 25, string $search = '', ?int $courseClassId = null, ?int $academicTermId = null): LengthAwarePaginator
     {
         return Assignment::query()
-            ->select(['id', 'course_class_id', 'title', 'description', 'deadline', 'status'])
             ->withCount([
                 'submissions',
                 'submissions as graded_submissions_count' => fn ($q) => $q->whereNotNull('score'),
             ])
             ->with(['courseClass' => fn ($q) => $q->withCount('enrollments')
-                ->with(['course:id,code,name', 'academicTerm:id,academic_year,semester,start_date,end_date'])])
+                ->with([
-            ->when($user->hasRole('mahasiswa'), fn ($q) => $q->with(['submissions' => function ($q) use ($user) {
+                    'course:id,code,name',
+                    'academicTerm:id,academic_year,semester,start_date,end_date',
+                    'lecturer.user.profile',
+                ])])
+            ->when($user->hasRole(UserRole::Mahasiswa->value), fn ($q) => $q->with(['submissions' => function ($q) use ($user) {
                 $q->select(['id', 'assignment_id', 'student_id', 'notes', 'status', 'submitted_at'])
                     ->where('student_id', $user->student?->id);
             }]))
             ->when($search, fn ($q) => $q->where('title', 'like', "%{$search}%"))
             ->when($courseClassId, fn ($q) => $q->where('course_class_id', $courseClassId))
             ->when($academicTermId, fn ($q) => $q->whereHas('courseClass', fn ($q) => $q->where('academic_term_id', $academicTermId)))
-            ->when($user->hasRole('dosen'), fn ($q) => $q->whereHas('courseClass', fn ($q) => $q->where('lecturer_id', $user->lecturer?->id)))
+            ->when($user->hasRole(UserRole::Dosen->value), fn ($q) => $q->whereHas('courseClass', fn ($q) => $q->where('lecturer_id', $user->lecturer?->id)))
-            ->when($user->hasRole('mahasiswa'), fn ($q) => $q->whereHas('courseClass', function ($q) use ($user) {
+            ->when($user->hasRole(UserRole::Mahasiswa->value), fn ($q) => $q->whereHas('courseClass', function ($q) use ($user) {
                 $q->whereHas('registrations', function ($q) use ($user) {
                     $q->where('student_id', $user->student?->id)
                         ->whereHas('submission', fn ($q) => $q->where('status', RegistrationStatus::Approved));
                 });
             }))
             ->latest()
-            ->paginate($perPage);
+            ->paginate($perPage,['id', 'course_class_id', 'title', 'description', 'deadline', 'status']);
     }
 
     public function create(array $data, ?UploadedFile $file): Assignment
@@ -53,17 +63,33 @@ public function create(array $data, ?UploadedFile $file): Assignment
             $assignment->addMedia($file)->toMediaCollection('assignment_attachment');
         }
 
+        $assignment->load('courseClass.course');
+
+        $recipientUserIds = CourseRegistration::query()
+            ->where('course_class_id', $assignment->course_class_id)
+            ->whereHas('submission', fn ($q) => $q->where('status', RegistrationStatus::Approved))
+            ->with('student:id,user_id')
+            ->get()
+            ->pluck('student.user_id');
+
+        $this->notificationService->sendToUsers(
+            $recipientUserIds,
+            'Tugas Baru',
+            "Tugas baru \"{$assignment->title}\" telah ditambahkan pada kelas {$assignment->courseClass->course->name}.",
+        );
+
         return $assignment;
     }
 
     public function update(Assignment $assignment, array $data, ?UploadedFile $file): Assignment
     {
-        $assignment->course_class_id = $data['course_class_id'];
+        $assignment->update([
-        $assignment->title = $data['title'];
+            'course_class_id' => $data['course_class_id'],
-        $assignment->description = $data['description'] ?? null;
+            'title' => $data['title'],
-        $assignment->deadline = $data['deadline'];
+            'description' => $data['description'] ?? null,
-        $assignment->status = $data['status'] ?? $assignment->status;
+            'deadline' => $data['deadline'],
-        $assignment->update();
+            'status' => $data['status'] ?? $assignment->status,
+        ]);
 
         if ($file) {
             $assignment->addMedia($file)->toMediaCollection('assignment_attachment');

app/Services/Admin/AcademicClasses/Assignment/SubmissionService.php

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 <?php
 
-namespace App\Services\Admin\AcademicClasses;
+namespace App\Services\Admin\AcademicClasses\Assignment;
 
 use App\Enums\SubmissionStatus;
 use App\Models\Assignment;

app/Services/Admin/AcademicClasses/AttendanceService.php

@@ -5,10 +5,8 @@
 use App\Enums\AttendanceStatus;
 use App\Models\Attendance;
 use App\Models\CourseClass;
-use App\Models\Student;
 use App\Models\User;
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection;
-use Illuminate\Support\Collection as BaseCollection;
 
 class AttendanceService
 {
@@ -113,35 +111,4 @@ public function deleteSession(int $courseClassId, int $meetingNumber): void
             ->delete();
     }
 
-    /**
-     * Per-class attendance summary for a student's own classes: every class
-     * they're enrolled in, with their recorded meetings and a present/total
-     * tally, even for classes with no attendance taken yet.
-     */
-    public function forStudent(Student $student): BaseCollection
-    {
-        $enrollments = $student->enrollments()
-            ->with([
-                'courseClass.course:id,code,name',
-                'courseClass.academicTerm:id,academic_year,semester,start_date,end_date',
-            ])
-            ->get();
-
-        $recordsByClass = Attendance::query()
-            ->where('student_id', $student->id)
-            ->orderBy('meeting_number')
-            ->get(['course_class_id', 'meeting_number', 'date', 'status'])
-            ->groupBy('course_class_id');
-
-        return $enrollments->map(function ($enrollment) use ($recordsByClass) {
-            $records = $recordsByClass->get($enrollment->course_class_id, new Collection);
-
-            return [
-                'course_class' => $enrollment->courseClass,
-                'records' => $records->values(),
-                'present_count' => $records->where('status', AttendanceStatus::Present)->count(),
-                'total_count' => $records->count(),
-            ];
-        })->values();
-    }
 }

app/Services/Admin/AcademicClasses/MaterialService.php

@@ -3,29 +3,39 @@
 namespace App\Services\Admin\AcademicClasses;
 
 use App\Enums\RegistrationStatus;
+use App\Enums\UserRole;
+use App\Models\CourseRegistration;
 use App\Models\Material;
 use App\Models\User;
+use App\Services\NotificationService;
 use Illuminate\Contracts\Pagination\LengthAwarePaginator;
 use Illuminate\Http\UploadedFile;
 
 class MaterialService
 {
-    public function paginated(User $user, int $perPage = 25, string $search = '', ?int $courseClassId = null): LengthAwarePaginator
+    public function __construct(
+        private readonly NotificationService $notificationService,
+    ) {}
+
+    public function paginated(User $user, int $perPage = 25, string $search = '', ?int $courseClassId = null, ?int $academicTermId = null): LengthAwarePaginator
     {
         return Material::query()
-            ->select(['id', 'course_class_id', 'title', 'description', 'meeting_number'])
+            ->with([
-            ->with('courseClass.course:id,code,name')
+                'courseClass.course:id,code,name',
+                'courseClass.lecturer.user.profile',
+            ])
             ->when($search, fn ($q) => $q->where('title', 'like', "%{$search}%"))
             ->when($courseClassId, fn ($q) => $q->where('course_class_id', $courseClassId))
-            ->when($user->hasRole('dosen'), fn ($q) => $q->whereHas('courseClass', fn ($q) => $q->where('lecturer_id', $user->lecturer?->id)))
+            ->when($academicTermId, fn ($q) => $q->whereHas('courseClass', fn ($q) => $q->where('academic_term_id', $academicTermId)))
-            ->when($user->hasRole('mahasiswa'), fn ($q) => $q->whereHas('courseClass', function ($q) use ($user) {
+            ->when($user->hasRole(UserRole::Dosen->value), fn ($q) => $q->whereHas('courseClass', fn ($q) => $q->where('lecturer_id', $user->lecturer?->id)))
+            ->when($user->hasRole(UserRole::Mahasiswa->value), fn ($q) => $q->whereHas('courseClass', function ($q) use ($user) {
                 $q->whereHas('registrations', function ($q) use ($user) {
                     $q->where('student_id', $user->student?->id)
                         ->whereHas('submission', fn ($q) => $q->where('status', RegistrationStatus::Approved));
                 });
             }))
             ->latest()
-            ->paginate($perPage);
+            ->paginate($perPage, ['id', 'course_class_id', 'title', 'description', 'meeting_number', 'created_at']);
     }
 
     public function create(array $data, ?UploadedFile $file): Material
@@ -41,16 +51,32 @@ public function create(array $data, ?UploadedFile $file): Material
             $material->addMedia($file)->toMediaCollection('materials');
         }
 
+        $material->load('courseClass.course');
+
+        $recipientUserIds = CourseRegistration::query()
+            ->where('course_class_id', $material->course_class_id)
+            ->whereHas('submission', fn ($q) => $q->where('status', RegistrationStatus::Approved))
+            ->with('student:id,user_id')
+            ->get()
+            ->pluck('student.user_id');
+
+        $this->notificationService->sendToUsers(
+            $recipientUserIds,
+            'Materi Baru',
+            "Materi baru \"{$material->title}\" telah ditambahkan pada kelas {$material->courseClass->course->name}.",
+        );
+
         return $material;
     }
 
     public function update(Material $material, array $data, ?UploadedFile $file): Material
     {
-        $material->course_class_id = $data['course_class_id'];
+        $material->update([
-        $material->title = $data['title'];
+            'course_class_id' => $data['course_class_id'],
-        $material->description = $data['description'] ?? null;
+            'title' => $data['title'],
-        $material->meeting_number = $data['meeting_number'] ?? null;
+            'description' => $data['description'] ?? null,
-        $material->update();
+            'meeting_number' => $data['meeting_number'] ?? null,
+        ]);
 
         if ($file) {
             $material->addMedia($file)->toMediaCollection('materials');

app/Services/Admin/AcademicClasses/ScheduleService.php

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 namespace App\Services\Admin\AcademicClasses;
 
 use App\Enums\RegistrationStatus;
+use App\Enums\UserRole;
 use App\Models\CourseClass;
 use App\Models\Schedule;
 use App\Models\User;
@@ -13,7 +14,6 @@ class ScheduleService
     public function all(User $user, ?int $academicTermId = null, ?int $departmentId = null, ?int $semesterNumber = null): Collection
     {
         return Schedule::query()
-            ->select(['id', 'course_class_id', 'day_of_week', 'start_time', 'end_time', 'room', 'online_link'])
             ->with([
                 'courseClass:id,course_id,lecturer_id,academic_term_id,method',
                 'courseClass.course:id,code,name,department_id',
@@ -26,39 +26,14 @@ public function all(User $user, ?int $academicTermId = null, ?int $departmentId
                 $q->when($academicTermId, fn ($q) => $q->where('academic_term_id', $academicTermId))
                     ->when($departmentId, fn ($q) => $q->whereHas('course', fn ($q) => $q->where('department_id', $departmentId)))
                     ->when($semesterNumber, fn ($q) => $q->whereHas('course', fn ($q) => $q->where('semester_number', $semesterNumber)))
-                    ->when($user->hasRole('mahasiswa'), fn ($q) => $q->whereHas('registrations', function ($q) use ($user) {
+                    ->when($user->hasRole(UserRole::Mahasiswa->value), fn ($q) => $q->whereHas('registrations', function ($q) use ($user) {
                         $q->where('student_id', $user->student?->id)
                             ->whereHas('submission', fn ($q) => $q->where('status', RegistrationStatus::Approved));
                     }))
-                    ->when($user->hasRole('dosen'), fn ($q) => $q->where('lecturer_id', $user->lecturer?->id));
+                    ->when($user->hasRole(UserRole::Dosen->value), fn ($q) => $q->where('lecturer_id', $user->lecturer?->id));
             })
             ->orderBy('start_time')
-            ->get();
+            ->get(['id', 'course_class_id', 'day_of_week', 'start_time', 'end_time', 'room', 'online_link']);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Course classes for the schedule form's picker, grouped by department and
-     * semester and ordered alphabetically to match the course-class picker
-     * pattern used elsewhere.
-     */
-    public function courseClassOptions(): Collection
-    {
-        return CourseClass::query()
-            ->select(['course_classes.id', 'course_classes.course_id', 'course_classes.lecturer_id', 'course_classes.academic_term_id'])
-            ->join('courses', 'courses.id', '=', 'course_classes.course_id')
-            ->join('departments', 'departments.id', '=', 'courses.department_id')
-            ->with([
-                'course:id,code,name,department_id,semester_number',
-                'course.department:id,name',
-                'lecturer:id,user_id,lecturer_number',
-                'lecturer.user:id,username',
-                'lecturer.user.profile:id,user_id,full_name',
-                'academicTerm:id,academic_year,semester,start_date,end_date',
-            ])
-            ->orderBy('departments.name')
-            ->orderBy('courses.semester_number')
-            ->orderBy('courses.name')
-            ->get();
     }
 
     public function create(array $data): Schedule
@@ -75,13 +50,14 @@ public function create(array $data): Schedule
 
     public function update(Schedule $schedule, array $data): Schedule
     {
-        $schedule->course_class_id = $data['course_class_id'];
+        $schedule->update([
-        $schedule->day_of_week = $data['day_of_week'];
+            'course_class_id' => $data['course_class_id'],
-        $schedule->start_time = $data['start_time'];
+            'day_of_week' => $data['day_of_week'],
-        $schedule->end_time = $data['end_time'];
+            'start_time' => $data['start_time'],
-        $schedule->room = $data['room'] ?? null;
+            'end_time' => $data['end_time'],
-        $schedule->online_link = $data['online_link'] ?? null;
+            'room' => $data['room'] ?? null,
-        $schedule->update();
+            'online_link' => $data['online_link'] ?? null,
+        ]);
 
         return $schedule;
     }
@@ -90,4 +66,28 @@ public function delete(Schedule $schedule): bool
     {
         return $schedule->delete();
     }
+
+    /**
+     * Course classes for the schedule form's picker, grouped by department and
+     * semester and ordered alphabetically to match the course-class picker
+     * pattern used elsewhere.
+     */
+    public function courseClassOptions(): Collection
+    {
+        return CourseClass::query()
+            ->join('courses', 'courses.id', '=', 'course_classes.course_id')
+            ->join('departments', 'departments.id', '=', 'courses.department_id')
+            ->with([
+                'course:id,code,name,department_id,semester_number',
+                'course.department:id,name',
+                'lecturer:id,user_id,lecturer_number',
+                'lecturer.user:id,username',
+                'lecturer.user.profile:id,user_id,full_name',
+                'academicTerm:id,academic_year,semester,start_date,end_date',
+            ])
+            ->orderBy('departments.name')
+            ->orderBy('courses.semester_number')
+            ->orderBy('courses.name')
+            ->get(['course_classes.id', 'course_classes.course_id', 'course_classes.lecturer_id', 'course_classes.academic_term_id']);
+    }
 }

app/Services/Admin/FeedbackService.php

@@ -41,18 +41,10 @@ public function __construct()
         $this->sanitizer = new HtmlSanitizer($config);
     }
 
-    public function pendingCount(User $user): int
-    {
-        return Feedback::query()
-            ->where('user_id', $user->id)
-            ->where('status', '!=', FeedbackStatus::Resolved)
-            ->count();
-    }
-
     public function paginated(User $user, int $perPage = 25, string $search = '', ?string $type = null, ?string $status = null): LengthAwarePaginator
     {
         return Feedback::query()
-            ->where('user_id', $user->id)
+            ->when(! $user->can('update-feedback-status'), fn ($q) => $q->where('user_id', $user->id))
             ->with(['user.profile', 'handler.profile'])
             ->when($search, fn ($q) => $q->where('subject', 'like', "%{$search}%"))
             ->when($type, fn ($q) => $q->where('type', $type))
@@ -73,14 +65,20 @@ public function create(User $user, array $data): Feedback
 
     public function update(Feedback $feedback, array $data): Feedback
     {
-        $feedback->type = $data['type'];
+        $feedback->update([
-        $feedback->subject = $data['subject'];
+            'type' => $data['type'],
-        $feedback->message = $this->sanitizer->sanitize($data['message']);
+            'subject' => $data['subject'],
-        $feedback->update();
+            'message' => $this->sanitizer->sanitize($data['message']),
+        ]);
 
         return $feedback;
     }
 
+    public function delete(Feedback $feedback): bool
+    {
+        return $feedback->delete();
+    }
+
     public function updateStatus(Feedback $feedback, string $status): Feedback
     {
         $feedback->update([
@@ -91,8 +89,26 @@ public function updateStatus(Feedback $feedback, string $status): Feedback
         return $feedback;
     }
 
-    public function delete(Feedback $feedback): bool
+    public function reply(Feedback $feedback, string $reply): Feedback
     {
-        return $feedback->delete();
+        $feedback->update([
+            'reply' => $this->sanitizer->sanitize($reply),
+            'replied_at' => now(),
+            'handled_by' => auth()->id(),
+            'status' => FeedbackStatus::Resolved->value,
+        ]);
+
+        return $feedback;
+    }
+
+    public function pendingCount(User $user): int
+    {
+        if (! $user->can('update-feedback-status')) {
+            return 0;
+        }
+
+        return Feedback::query()
+            ->where('status', FeedbackStatus::Submitted)
+            ->count();
     }
 }

app/Services/Admin/Manage/AnnouncementService.php

@@ -2,8 +2,9 @@
 
 namespace App\Services\Admin\Manage;
 
+use App\Enums\UserRole;
 use App\Models\Announcement;
-use App\Models\Student;
+use App\Models\User;
 use App\Services\NotificationService;
 use Illuminate\Contracts\Pagination\LengthAwarePaginator;
 
@@ -13,15 +14,15 @@ public function __construct(
         private readonly NotificationService $notificationService,
     ) {}
 
-    public function paginated(int $perPage = 25, string $search = '', ?int $departmentId = null): LengthAwarePaginator
+    public function paginated(User $user, int $perPage = 25, string $search = ''): LengthAwarePaginator
     {
         return Announcement::query()
-            ->select(['id', 'title', 'content', 'department_id', 'enrollment_year', 'created_by', 'created_at'])
+            ->with(['creator.profile'])
-            ->with(['department:id,name', 'creator.profile'])
             ->when($search, fn ($q) => $q->where('title', 'like', "%{$search}%"))
-            ->when($departmentId, fn ($q) => $q->where('department_id', $departmentId))
+            ->when($user->hasRole(UserRole::Mahasiswa->value), fn ($q) => $q->whereJsonContains('target_roles', UserRole::Mahasiswa->value))
+            ->when($user->hasRole(UserRole::Dosen->value), fn ($q) => $q->whereJsonContains('target_roles', UserRole::Dosen->value))
             ->latest()
-            ->paginate($perPage);
+            ->paginate($perPage, ['id', 'title', 'content', 'target_roles', 'created_by', 'created_at']);
     }
 
     public function create(array $data): Announcement
@@ -29,15 +30,13 @@ public function create(array $data): Announcement
         $announcement = Announcement::create([
             'title' => $data['title'],
             'content' => $data['content'],
-            'department_id' => $data['department_id'] ?? null,
+            'target_roles' => $data['target_roles'],
-            'enrollment_year' => $data['enrollment_year'] ?? null,
             'created_by' => auth()->id(),
         ]);
 
-        $recipientUserIds = Student::query()
+        $recipientUserIds = User::query()
-            ->when($announcement->department_id, fn ($q, $departmentId) => $q->where('department_id', $departmentId))
+            ->whereHas('roles', fn ($q) => $q->whereIn('name', $announcement->target_roles))
-            ->when($announcement->enrollment_year, fn ($q, $year) => $q->where('enrollment_year', $year))
+            ->pluck('id');
-            ->pluck('user_id');
 
         $this->notificationService->sendToUsers(
             $recipientUserIds,
@@ -51,11 +50,11 @@ public function create(array $data): Announcement
 
     public function update(Announcement $announcement, array $data): Announcement
     {
-        $announcement->title = $data['title'];
+        $announcement->update([
-        $announcement->content = $data['content'];
+            'title' => $data['title'],
-        $announcement->department_id = $data['department_id'] ?? null;
+            'content' => $data['content'],
-        $announcement->enrollment_year = $data['enrollment_year'] ?? null;
+            'target_roles' => $data['target_roles'],
-        $announcement->update();
+        ]);
 
         return $announcement;
     }

app/Services/Admin/Manage/CourseClass/ClassEnrollmentService.php

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 <?php
 
-namespace App\Services\Admin\Manage;
+namespace App\Services\Admin\Manage\CourseClass;
 
 use App\Models\ClassEnrollment;
 use App\Models\CourseClass;

app/Services/Admin/Manage/CourseClass/CourseClassService.php

@@ -1,36 +1,20 @@
 <?php
 
-namespace App\Services\Admin\Manage;
+namespace App\Services\Admin\Manage\CourseClass;
 
+use App\Enums\UserRole;
 use App\Models\CourseClass;
 use App\Models\User;
+use App\Services\Admin\Master\AcademicTermService;
 use Illuminate\Contracts\Pagination\LengthAwarePaginator;
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection;
 use Illuminate\Support\Facades\DB;
 
 class CourseClassService
 {
-    /**
+    public function __construct(
-     * When $user is a dosen, only their own assigned classes are returned.
+        private readonly AcademicTermService $academicTermService,
-     * When $user is a mahasiswa, only classes from their own department are returned.
+    ) {}
-     */
-    public function getAllForSelect(?User $user = null): Collection
-    {
-        return CourseClass::query()
-            ->select(['course_classes.id', 'course_classes.course_id', 'course_classes.lecturer_id', 'course_classes.academic_term_id'])
-            ->join('courses', 'courses.id', '=', 'course_classes.course_id')
-            ->join('departments', 'departments.id', '=', 'courses.department_id')
-            ->with([
-                'course:id,code,name,semester_number,department_id',
-                'course.department:id,name',
-            ])
-            ->when($user?->hasRole('dosen'), fn ($q) => $q->where('course_classes.lecturer_id', $user->lecturer?->id))
-            ->when($user?->hasRole('mahasiswa'), fn ($q) => $q->where('courses.department_id', $user->student?->department_id))
-            ->orderBy('departments.name')
-            ->orderBy('courses.semester_number')
-            ->orderBy('courses.name')
-            ->get();
-    }
 
     public function paginated(int $perPage = 25, string $search = '', ?int $academicTermId = null, ?string $method = null): LengthAwarePaginator
     {
@@ -40,7 +24,9 @@ public function paginated(int $perPage = 25, string $search = '', ?int $academic
             ->join('courses', 'courses.id', '=', 'course_classes.course_id')
             ->withCount('enrollments')
             ->with(['course:id,code,name,department_id,semester_number', 'lecturer.user.profile', 'academicTerm:id,academic_year,semester,start_date,end_date'])
-            ->when($search, fn ($q) => $q->whereHas('course', fn ($q) => $q->where('name', 'like', "%{$search}%")->orWhere('code', 'like', "%{$search}%")))
+            ->when($search, fn ($q) => $q->where(fn ($q) => $q->whereHas('course', fn ($q) => $q->where('name', 'like', "%{$search}%")->orWhere('code', 'like', "%{$search}%"))
+                ->orWhereHas('lecturer', fn ($q) => $q->where('lecturer_number', 'like', "%{$search}%")
+                    ->orWhereHas('user.profile', fn ($q) => $q->where('full_name', 'like', "%{$search}%")))))
             ->when($academicTermId, fn ($q) => $q->where('course_classes.academic_term_id', $academicTermId))
             ->when($method, fn ($q) => $q->where('course_classes.method', $method))
             ->orderByDesc('academic_terms.start_date')
@@ -65,11 +51,12 @@ public function createMany(array $data): Collection
 
     public function update(CourseClass $courseClass, array $data): CourseClass
     {
-        $courseClass->course_id = $data['course_id'];
+        $courseClass->update([
-        $courseClass->lecturer_id = $data['lecturer_id'];
+            'course_id' => $data['course_id'],
-        $courseClass->academic_term_id = $data['academic_term_id'];
+            'lecturer_id' => $data['lecturer_id'],
-        $courseClass->method = $data['method'] ?? null;
+            'academic_term_id' => $data['academic_term_id'],
-        $courseClass->update();
+            'method' => $data['method'] ?? null,
+        ]);
 
         return $courseClass;
     }
@@ -121,4 +108,29 @@ public function duplicateFromTerm(int $sourceAcademicTermId, int $targetAcademic
             return ['created' => $created, 'skipped' => $skipped];
         });
     }
+
+    /**
+     * When $user is a dosen, only their own classes in the active academic term are returned.
+     * When $user is a mahasiswa, only classes from their own department are returned.
+     */
+    public function getAllForSelect(User $user): Collection
+    {
+        $isLecturer = $user->hasRole(UserRole::Dosen->value);
+        $activeAcademicTermId = $isLecturer ? $this->academicTermService->getActive()?->id : null;
+
+        return CourseClass::query()
+            ->join('courses', 'courses.id', '=', 'course_classes.course_id')
+            ->join('departments', 'departments.id', '=', 'courses.department_id')
+            ->with([
+                'course:id,code,name,semester_number,department_id',
+                'course.department:id,name',
+            ])
+            ->when($isLecturer, fn ($q) => $q->where('course_classes.lecturer_id', $user->lecturer?->id)
+                ->where('course_classes.academic_term_id', $activeAcademicTermId))
+            ->when($user->hasRole(UserRole::Mahasiswa->value), fn ($q) => $q->where('courses.department_id', $user->student?->department_id))
+            ->orderBy('departments.name')
+            ->orderBy('courses.semester_number')
+            ->orderBy('courses.name')
+            ->get(['course_classes.id', 'course_classes.course_id', 'course_classes.lecturer_id', 'course_classes.academic_term_id']);
+    }
 }

app/Services/Admin/Manage/CourseRegistrationService.php

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 
 use App\Enums\RegistrationStatus;
 use App\Enums\StudentStatus;
+use App\Enums\UserRole;
 use App\Models\AcademicTerm;
 use App\Models\ClassEnrollment;
 use App\Models\Course;
@@ -12,6 +13,7 @@
 use App\Models\CourseRegistrationSubmission;
 use App\Models\Department;
 use App\Models\Student;
+use App\Models\User;
 use App\Services\Admin\Master\AcademicTermService;
 use Illuminate\Contracts\Pagination\LengthAwarePaginator;
 use Illuminate\Http\UploadedFile;
@@ -24,24 +26,13 @@ public function __construct(
         private readonly AcademicTermService $academicTermService,
     ) {}
 
-    /**
+    public function paginated(User $user, int $perPage = 25, string $search = '', ?int $departmentId = null): LengthAwarePaginator
-     * @return Collection<int, Department>
-     */
-    public function departmentSummary(): Collection
     {
-        return Department::query()
+        $isDepartmentLeader = $user->hasRole(UserRole::Kaprodi->value);
-            ->select('id', 'name')
+        $advisorLecturerId = ! $isDepartmentLeader && $user->hasRole(UserRole::Dosen->value) ? $user->lecturer?->id : null;
-            ->orderBy('name')
+        $ledDepartmentIds = $isDepartmentLeader ? $user->ledDepartmentIds() : null;
-            ->get();
-    }
 
-    /**
-     * @param  array<int, int>|null  $ledDepartmentIds  Restricts results to a kaprodi's own department(s).
-     */
-    public function paginated(int $perPage = 25, string $search = '', ?int $departmentId = null, ?int $advisorLecturerId = null, ?array $ledDepartmentIds = null): LengthAwarePaginator
-    {
         $paginator = Student::query()
-            ->select(['students.id', 'students.user_id', 'students.student_number', 'students.department_id'])
             ->join('departments', 'departments.id', '=', 'students.department_id')
             ->join('users', 'users.id', '=', 'students.user_id')
             ->join('user_profiles', 'user_profiles.user_id', '=', 'users.id')
@@ -54,7 +45,7 @@ public function paginated(int $perPage = 25, string $search = '', ?int $departme
             ->with(['user.profile', 'department:id,name'])
             ->orderBy('departments.name')
             ->orderBy('user_profiles.full_name')
-            ->paginate($perPage);
+            ->paginate($perPage, ['students.id', 'students.user_id', 'students.student_number', 'students.department_id']);
 
         return $paginator->through(fn (Student $student) => [
             'student_id' => $student->id,
@@ -219,11 +210,11 @@ public function saveRegistrations(
         });
     }
 
-    public function signAsKaprodi(CourseRegistrationSubmission $submission, UploadedFile $signature): CourseRegistrationSubmission
+    public function signAsDepartmentLeader(CourseRegistrationSubmission $submission, UploadedFile $signature): CourseRegistrationSubmission
     {
         $this->assertSignable($submission);
 
-        $submission->addMedia($signature)->toMediaCollection('kaprodi_signature');
+        $submission->addMedia($signature)->toMediaCollection('department_leader_signature');
 
         return $submission;
     }
@@ -246,7 +237,7 @@ private function assertSignable(CourseRegistrationSubmission $submission): void
     public function approve(CourseRegistrationSubmission $submission): CourseRegistrationSubmission
     {
         abort_unless($submission->status === RegistrationStatus::Submitted, 403);
-        abort_if($submission->kaprodi_signature_url === null, 422, 'Ketua Program Studi belum menandatangani KRS ini.');
+        abort_if($submission->department_leader_signature_url === null, 422, 'Ketua Program Studi belum menandatangani KRS ini.');
         abort_if($submission->advisor_signature_url === null, 422, 'Silakan tanda tangani KRS ini terlebih dahulu.');
 
         return DB::transaction(function () use ($submission) {
@@ -299,4 +290,14 @@ public function reject(CourseRegistrationSubmission $submission, string $reason)
             return $submission;
         });
     }
+
+    /**
+     * @return Collection<int, Department>
+     */
+    public function departmentSummary(): Collection
+    {
+        return Department::query()
+            ->orderBy('name')
+            ->get(['id', 'name']);
+    }
 }

app/Services/Admin/Master/AcademicTermService.php

@@ -9,30 +9,14 @@
 
 class AcademicTermService
 {
-    public function getAllForSelect(): Collection
-    {
-        return AcademicTerm::select(['id', 'academic_year', 'semester', 'start_date', 'end_date', 'is_active', 'open_semesters'])->latest()->get();
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * The academic term currently marked active, falling back to the one with
-     * the latest start date if none is explicitly active.
-     */
-    public function getActive(): ?AcademicTerm
-    {
-        return AcademicTerm::where('is_active', true)->first()
-            ?? AcademicTerm::orderByDesc('start_date')->first();
-    }
-
     public function paginated(int $perPage = 25, string $search = '', ?string $semester = null, ?bool $isActive = null): LengthAwarePaginator
     {
         return AcademicTerm::query()
-            ->select(['id', 'academic_year', 'semester', 'start_date', 'end_date', 'is_active', 'open_semesters'])
+            ->when($search, fn ($q) => $q->where('academic_year', 'like', "%{$search}%"))
-            ->when($search, fn($q) => $q->where('academic_year', 'like', "%{$search}%"))
+            ->when($semester, fn ($q) => $q->where('semester', $semester))
-            ->when($semester, fn($q) => $q->where('semester', $semester))
+            ->when($isActive !== null, fn ($q) => $q->where('is_active', $isActive))
-            ->when($isActive !== null, fn($q) => $q->where('is_active', $isActive))
             ->latest()
-            ->paginate($perPage);
+            ->paginate($perPage, ['id', 'academic_year', 'semester', 'start_date', 'end_date', 'is_active', 'open_semesters']);
     }
 
     public function create(array $data): AcademicTerm
@@ -45,13 +29,14 @@ public function create(array $data): AcademicTerm
 
     public function update(AcademicTerm $academicTerm, array $data): AcademicTerm
     {
-        $academicTerm->academic_year = $data['academic_year'];
+        $academicTerm->update([
-        $academicTerm->semester = $data['semester'];
+            'academic_year' => $data['academic_year'],
-        $academicTerm->start_date = $data['start_date'];
+            'semester' => $data['semester'],
-        $academicTerm->end_date = $data['end_date'];
+            'start_date' => $data['start_date'],
-        $academicTerm->is_active = $data['is_active'];
+            'end_date' => $data['end_date'],
-        $academicTerm->open_semesters = $this->normalizeOpenSemesters($data['open_semesters'] ?? []);
+            'is_active' => $data['is_active'],
-        $academicTerm->update();
+            'open_semesters' => $this->normalizeOpenSemesters($data['open_semesters'] ?? []),
+        ]);
 
         return $academicTerm;
     }
@@ -72,6 +57,21 @@ public function updateActiveStatus(AcademicTerm $academicTerm, bool $isActive):
         });
     }
 
+    public function getAllForSelect(): Collection
+    {
+        return AcademicTerm::latest()->get(['id', 'academic_year', 'semester', 'start_date', 'end_date', 'is_active', 'open_semesters']);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The academic term currently marked active, falling back to the one with
+     * the latest start date if none is explicitly active.
+     */
+    public function getActive(): ?AcademicTerm
+    {
+        return AcademicTerm::where('is_active', true)->first()
+            ?? AcademicTerm::orderByDesc('start_date')->first();
+    }
+
     /**
      * @param  array<int, mixed>  $openSemesters
      * @return array<int, int>

app/Services/Admin/Master/CourseService.php

@@ -2,52 +2,28 @@
 
 namespace App\Services\Admin\Master;
 
+use App\Enums\UserRole;
 use App\Models\Course;
+use App\Models\User;
 use Illuminate\Contracts\Pagination\LengthAwarePaginator;
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection;
 
 class CourseService
 {
-    public function getAllForSelect(): Collection
+    public function paginated(User $user, int $perPage = 25, string $search = '', ?int $departmentId = null, ?int $semesterNumber = null): LengthAwarePaginator
     {
         return Course::query()
-            ->select(['courses.id', 'courses.code', 'courses.name', 'courses.department_id', 'courses.semester_number'])
-            ->join('departments', 'departments.id', '=', 'courses.department_id')
-            ->with('department:id,name')
-            ->orderBy('departments.name')
-            ->orderBy('courses.semester_number')
-            ->orderBy('courses.name')
-            ->get();
-    }
-
-    public function getSemesterNumbers(): array
-    {
-        return Course::query()
-            ->select('semester_number')
-            ->whereNotNull('semester_number')
-            ->distinct()
-            ->orderBy('semester_number')
-            ->pluck('semester_number')
-            ->all();
-    }
-
-    public function paginated(int $perPage = 25, string $search = '', ?int $departmentId = null, ?int $semesterNumber = null): LengthAwarePaginator
-    {
-        $user = auth()->user();
-
-        return Course::query()
-            ->select(['courses.id', 'courses.code', 'courses.name', 'courses.credits', 'courses.department_id', 'courses.semester_number'])
             ->join('departments', 'departments.id', '=', 'courses.department_id')
             ->with('department:id,name')
             ->when($search, fn ($q) => $q->where('courses.name', 'like', "%{$search}%")->orWhere('courses.code', 'like', "%{$search}%"))
             ->when($departmentId, fn ($q) => $q->where('courses.department_id', $departmentId))
             ->when($semesterNumber, fn ($q) => $q->where('courses.semester_number', $semesterNumber))
-            ->when($user->hasRole('mahasiswa'), fn ($q) => $q->where('courses.department_id', $user->student?->department_id))
+            ->when($user->hasRole(UserRole::Mahasiswa->value), fn ($q) => $q->where('courses.department_id', $user->student?->department_id))
-            ->when($user->hasRole('dosen'), fn ($q) => $q->whereIn('courses.department_id', $user->lecturer?->departments()->pluck('departments.id') ?? []))
+            ->when($user->hasRole(UserRole::Dosen->value), fn ($q) => $q->whereIn('courses.department_id', $user->lecturer?->departments()->pluck('departments.id') ?? []))
             ->orderBy('departments.name')
             ->orderBy('courses.semester_number')
             ->orderBy('courses.name')
-            ->paginate($perPage);
+            ->paginate($perPage, ['courses.id', 'courses.code', 'courses.name', 'courses.credits', 'courses.department_id', 'courses.semester_number']);
     }
 
     public function create(array $data): Course
@@ -57,12 +33,13 @@ public function create(array $data): Course
 
     public function update(Course $course, array $data): Course
     {
-        $course->code = $data['code'];
+        $course->update([
-        $course->name = $data['name'];
+            'code' => $data['code'],
-        $course->credits = $data['credits'];
+            'name' => $data['name'],
-        $course->department_id = $data['department_id'];
+            'credits' => $data['credits'],
-        $course->semester_number = $data['semester_number'] ?? null;
+            'department_id' => $data['department_id'],
-        $course->update();
+            'semester_number' => $data['semester_number'] ?? null,
+        ]);
 
         return $course;
     }
@@ -71,4 +48,25 @@ public function delete(Course $course): bool
     {
         return $course->delete();
     }
+
+    public function getAllForSelect(): Collection
+    {
+        return Course::query()
+            ->join('departments', 'departments.id', '=', 'courses.department_id')
+            ->with('department:id,name')
+            ->orderBy('departments.name')
+            ->orderBy('courses.semester_number')
+            ->orderBy('courses.name')
+            ->get(['courses.id', 'courses.code', 'courses.name', 'courses.department_id', 'courses.semester_number']);
+    }
+
+    public function getSemesterNumbers(): array
+    {
+        return Course::query()
+            ->whereNotNull('semester_number')
+            ->distinct()
+            ->orderBy('semester_number')
+            ->pluck('semester_number')
+            ->all();
+    }
 }

app/Services/Admin/Master/DepartmentService.php

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 namespace App\Services\Admin\Master;
 
+use App\Enums\UserRole;
 use App\Models\Department;
 use App\Models\DepartmentLeadership;
 use App\Models\Lecturer;
@@ -10,19 +11,17 @@
 
 class DepartmentService
 {
-    public function getAllForSelect(): Collection
-    {
-        return Department::select(['id', 'code', 'name', 'degree_level'])->get();
-    }
-
     public function paginated(int $perPage = 25, string $search = ''): LengthAwarePaginator
     {
         return Department::query()
-            ->select(['id', 'code', 'name', 'degree_level'])
+            ->with([
-            ->with(['currentLeader.lecturer.user.profile'])
+                'currentLeader.lecturer.user.profile',
+                'leaderships' => fn ($q) => $q->orderByRaw('ended_at IS NULL DESC')->orderByDesc('started_at'),
+                'leaderships.lecturer.user.profile',
+            ])
             ->when($search, fn ($q) => $q->where('name', 'like', "%{$search}%")->orWhere('code', 'like', "%{$search}%"))
             ->latest()
-            ->paginate($perPage);
+            ->paginate($perPage, ['id', 'code', 'name', 'degree_level']);
     }
 
     public function create(array $data): Department
@@ -40,16 +39,27 @@ public function create(array $data): Department
 
     public function update(Department $department, array $data): Department
     {
-        $department->code = $data['code'];
+        $department->update([
-        $department->name = $data['name'];
+            'code' => $data['code'],
-        $department->degree_level = $data['degree_level'] ?? null;
+            'name' => $data['name'],
-        $department->update();
+            'degree_level' => $data['degree_level'] ?? null,
+        ]);
 
         $this->syncLeadership($department, $data['lecturer_id'] ?? null, $data['leadership_started_at'] ?? null);
 
         return $department;
     }
 
+    public function delete(Department $department): bool
+    {
+        return $department->delete();
+    }
+
+    public function getAllForSelect(): Collection
+    {
+        return Department::get(['id', 'code', 'name', 'degree_level']);
+    }
+
     private function syncLeadership(Department $department, ?int $lecturerId, ?string $startedAt): void
     {
         $currentLeader = DepartmentLeadership::query()
@@ -90,8 +100,8 @@ private function grantKaprodiRole(int $lecturerId): void
     {
         $user = Lecturer::find($lecturerId)?->user;
 
-        if ($user && ! $user->hasRole('kaprodi')) {
+        if ($user && ! $user->hasRole(UserRole::Kaprodi->value)) {
-            $user->assignRole('kaprodi');
+            $user->assignRole(UserRole::Kaprodi->value);
         }
     }
 
@@ -103,12 +113,7 @@ private function revokeKaprodiRoleIfNoLongerLeading(int $lecturerId): void
             ->exists();
 
         if (! $stillLeadsAnyDepartment) {
-            Lecturer::find($lecturerId)?->user?->removeRole('kaprodi');
+            Lecturer::find($lecturerId)?->user?->removeRole(UserRole::Kaprodi->value);
         }
     }
-
-    public function delete(Department $department): bool
-    {
-        return $department->delete();
-    }
 }

app/Services/Admin/Services/AcademicAdvisingLogService.php

@@ -2,18 +2,22 @@
 
 namespace App\Services\Admin\Services;
 
+use App\Enums\UserRole;
 use App\Models\AcademicAdvisingLog;
+use App\Models\User;
 use Illuminate\Contracts\Pagination\LengthAwarePaginator;
 
 class AcademicAdvisingLogService
 {
-    public function paginated(int $perPage = 25, string $search = '', ?int $lecturerId = null): LengthAwarePaginator
+    public function paginated(User $user, int $perPage = 25, string $search = '', ?int $lecturerId = null): LengthAwarePaginator
     {
-        $user = auth()->user();
-
         return AcademicAdvisingLog::query()
-            ->select(['id', 'lecturer_id', 'topic', 'notes', 'created_at'])
             ->with([
+                'students' => function ($q) use ($user) {
+                    if ($user->hasRole(UserRole::Mahasiswa->value)) {
+                        $q->where('students.id', $user->student?->id);
+                    }
+                },
                 'students.user.profile',
                 'students.department',
                 'lecturer.user.profile',
@@ -23,9 +27,10 @@ public function paginated(int $perPage = 25, string $search = '', ?int $lecturer
                 ->orWhereHas('students', fn ($q) => $q->where('student_number', 'like', "%{$search}%")
                     ->orWhereHas('user.profile', fn ($q) => $q->where('full_name', 'like', "%{$search}%"))))
             ->when($lecturerId, fn ($q) => $q->where('lecturer_id', $lecturerId))
-            ->when($user->hasRole('dosen'), fn ($q) => $q->where('lecturer_id', $user->lecturer?->id))
+            ->when($user->hasRole(UserRole::Dosen->value), fn ($q) => $q->where('lecturer_id', $user->lecturer?->id))
+            ->when($user->hasRole(UserRole::Mahasiswa->value), fn ($q) => $q->whereHas('students', fn ($q) => $q->where('students.id', $user->student?->id)))
             ->latest()
-            ->paginate($perPage);
+            ->paginate($perPage, ['id', 'lecturer_id', 'topic', 'notes', 'created_at']);
     }
 
     public function create(array $data): AcademicAdvisingLog
@@ -43,10 +48,11 @@ public function create(array $data): AcademicAdvisingLog
 
     public function update(AcademicAdvisingLog $log, array $data): AcademicAdvisingLog
     {
-        $log->lecturer_id = $data['lecturer_id'];
+        $log->update([
-        $log->topic = $data['topic'] ?? null;
+            'lecturer_id' => $data['lecturer_id'],
-        $log->notes = $data['notes'] ?? null;
+            'topic' => $data['topic'] ?? null,
-        $log->update();
+            'notes' => $data['notes'] ?? null,
+        ]);
 
         $log->students()->sync($data['student_ids']);
 

app/Services/Admin/Services/LetterRequestService.php

@@ -3,26 +3,26 @@
 namespace App\Services\Admin\Services;
 
 use App\Enums\LetterStatus;
+use App\Enums\UserRole;
 use App\Models\LetterRequest;
+use App\Models\User;
 use Illuminate\Contracts\Pagination\LengthAwarePaginator;
 use Illuminate\Http\UploadedFile;
 
 class LetterRequestService
 {
-    public function paginated(int $perPage = 25, string $search = '', ?string $status = null): LengthAwarePaginator
+    public function paginated(User $user, int $perPage = 25, string $search = '', ?string $status = null): LengthAwarePaginator
     {
-        $user = auth()->user();
-
         return LetterRequest::query()
-            ->select(['id', 'user_id', 'letter_type', 'purpose', 'status', 'processed_by', 'submitted_at', 'completed_at'])
+            ->with(['user.profile', 'user.student.department', 'user.lecturer.departments', 'processor.profile'])
-            ->with(['user.profile', 'user.student.department', 'processor.profile'])
             ->when($search, fn ($q) => $q->where('letter_type', 'like', "%{$search}%")
                 ->orWhereHas('user', fn ($q) => $q->whereHas('profile', fn ($q) => $q->where('full_name', 'like', "%{$search}%"))
-                    ->orWhereHas('student', fn ($q) => $q->where('student_number', 'like', "%{$search}%"))))
+                    ->orWhereHas('student', fn ($q) => $q->where('student_number', 'like', "%{$search}%"))
+                    ->orWhereHas('lecturer', fn ($q) => $q->where('lecturer_number', 'like', "%{$search}%"))))
             ->when($status, fn ($q) => $q->where('status', $status))
-            ->when($user->hasRole('mahasiswa'), fn ($q) => $q->where('user_id', $user->id))
+            ->when($user->hasRole(UserRole::Mahasiswa->value) || $user->hasRole(UserRole::Dosen->value), fn ($q) => $q->where('user_id', $user->id))
             ->latest()
-            ->paginate($perPage);
+            ->paginate($perPage, ['id', 'user_id', 'letter_type', 'purpose', 'status', 'processed_by', 'submitted_at', 'completed_at']);
     }
 
     public function create(array $data): LetterRequest
@@ -38,9 +38,10 @@ public function create(array $data): LetterRequest
 
     public function update(LetterRequest $letterRequest, array $data): LetterRequest
     {
-        $letterRequest->letter_type = $data['letter_type'];
+        $letterRequest->update([
-        $letterRequest->purpose = $data['purpose'] ?? null;
+            'letter_type' => $data['letter_type'],
-        $letterRequest->update();
+            'purpose' => $data['purpose'] ?? null,
+        ]);
 
         return $letterRequest;
     }
@@ -54,12 +55,13 @@ public function updateStatus(LetterRequest $letterRequest, ?string $status, ?Upl
     {
         $status = $result ? LetterStatus::Completed->value : $status;
 
-        $letterRequest->status = $status;
+        $letterRequest->update([
-        $letterRequest->processed_by = $status !== LetterStatus::Submitted->value ? auth()->id() : null;
+            'status' => $status,
-        $letterRequest->completed_at = $status === LetterStatus::Completed->value
+            'processed_by' => $status !== LetterStatus::Submitted->value ? auth()->id() : null,
+            'completed_at' => $status === LetterStatus::Completed->value
                 ? ($letterRequest->completed_at ?? now())
-            : null;
+                : null,
-        $letterRequest->update();
+        ]);
 
         if ($result) {
             $letterRequest->addMedia($result)->toMediaCollection('letter_result');

app/Services/Admin/Users/AdministratorService.php

@@ -2,21 +2,28 @@
 
 namespace App\Services\Admin\Users;
 
+use App\Enums\UserRole;
 use App\Models\User;
 use Illuminate\Contracts\Pagination\LengthAwarePaginator;
+use Illuminate\Support\Collection;
 use Illuminate\Support\Facades\DB;
 use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Hash;
+use Spatie\Permission\Models\Role;
 
 class AdministratorService
 {
+    /**
+     * @var list<UserRole>
+     */
+    private const ROLES = [UserRole::StaffAdmin, UserRole::StaffKeuangan];
+
     public function paginated(int $perPage = 25, string $search = '', ?string $gender = null): LengthAwarePaginator
     {
-        return User::select(['id', 'username', 'email', 'is_active'])
+        return User::with([
-            ->with([
             'profile:id,user_id,full_name,phone_number,gender',
             'roles:id,name',
         ])
-            ->whereHas('roles', fn ($q) => $q->whereIn('name', ['staff-admin', 'staff-keuangan']))
+            ->whereHas('roles', fn ($q) => $q->whereIn('name', array_column(self::ROLES, 'value')))
             ->when($search, fn ($q) => $q->where(function ($query) use ($search) {
                 $query->where('username', 'like', "%{$search}%")
                     ->orWhere('email', 'like', "%{$search}%")
@@ -24,7 +31,7 @@ public function paginated(int $perPage = 25, string $search = '', ?string $gende
             }))
             ->when($gender, fn ($q) => $q->whereHas('profile', fn ($q) => $q->where('gender', $gender)))
             ->latest()
-            ->paginate($perPage);
+            ->paginate($perPage, ['id', 'username', 'email', 'is_active']);
     }
 
     public function create(array $data): User
@@ -93,4 +100,12 @@ public function updateUserStatus(User $user, bool $isActive): void
     {
         $user->update(['is_active' => $isActive]);
     }
+
+    /**
+     * @return Collection<int, Role>
+     */
+    public function availableRoles(): Collection
+    {
+        return Role::whereIn('name', array_column(self::ROLES, 'value'))->get(['id', 'name']);
+    }
 }

app/Services/Admin/Users/LecturerService.php

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 namespace App\Services\Admin\Users;
 
+use App\Enums\UserRole;
 use App\Models\Lecturer;
 use App\Models\User;
 use Illuminate\Contracts\Pagination\LengthAwarePaginator;
@@ -12,51 +13,11 @@
 
 class LecturerService
 {
-    public function getAllForSelect(): Collection
-    {
-        return Lecturer::select(['lecturers.id', 'lecturers.user_id', 'lecturers.lecturer_number'])
-            ->join('users', 'users.id', '=', 'lecturers.user_id')
-            ->join('user_profiles', 'user_profiles.user_id', '=', 'users.id')
-            ->with([
-                'user:id,username',
-                'user.profile:id,user_id,full_name',
-                'departments:id,name',
-            ])
-            ->orderBy('user_profiles.full_name')
-            ->get();
-    }
-
     public function paginated(int $perPage = 25, string $search = '', ?string $gender = null, ?int $departmentId = null): LengthAwarePaginator
     {
         return $this->filteredQuery($search, $gender, $departmentId)
             ->latest()
-            ->paginate($perPage);
+            ->paginate($perPage, ['id', 'username', 'email', 'is_active']);
-    }
-
-    public function forExport(string $search = '', ?string $gender = null, ?int $departmentId = null): Collection
-    {
-        return $this->filteredQuery($search, $gender, $departmentId)
-            ->orderBy('created_at', 'desc')
-            ->get();
-    }
-
-    private function filteredQuery(string $search, ?string $gender, ?int $departmentId): Builder
-    {
-        return User::select(['id', 'username', 'email', 'is_active'])
-            ->with([
-                'profile:id,user_id,full_name,phone_number,gender,birth_place,birth_date,address',
-                'lecturer:id,user_id,lecturer_number',
-                'lecturer.departments:id,name',
-            ])
-            ->whereHas('roles', fn ($q) => $q->where('name', 'dosen'))
-            ->when($search, fn ($q) => $q->where(function ($query) use ($search) {
-                $query->where('username', 'like', "%{$search}%")
-                    ->orWhere('email', 'like', "%{$search}%")
-                    ->orWhereHas('profile', fn ($q) => $q->where('full_name', 'like', "%{$search}%"))
-                    ->orWhereHas('lecturer', fn ($q) => $q->where('lecturer_number', 'like', "%{$search}%"));
-            }))
-            ->when($gender, fn ($q) => $q->whereHas('profile', fn ($q) => $q->where('gender', $gender)))
-            ->when($departmentId, fn ($q) => $q->whereHas('lecturer.departments', fn ($q) => $q->where('departments.id', $departmentId)));
     }
 
     public function create(array $data): User
@@ -68,7 +29,7 @@ public function create(array $data): User
                 'password' => Hash::make(config('app.default_password')),
             ]);
 
-            $user->assignRole('dosen');
+            $user->assignRole(UserRole::Dosen->value);
 
             $user->profile()->create([
                 'full_name' => $data['full_name'],
@@ -136,4 +97,42 @@ public function updateUserStatus(User $user, bool $isActive): void
     {
         $user->update(['is_active' => $isActive]);
     }
+
+    public function forExport(string $search = '', ?string $gender = null, ?int $departmentId = null): Collection
+    {
+        return $this->filteredQuery($search, $gender, $departmentId)
+            ->orderBy('created_at', 'desc')
+            ->get(['id', 'username', 'email', 'is_active']);
+    }
+
+    public function getAllForSelect(): Collection
+    {
+        return Lecturer::join('users', 'users.id', '=', 'lecturers.user_id')
+            ->join('user_profiles', 'user_profiles.user_id', '=', 'users.id')
+            ->with([
+                'user:id,username',
+                'user.profile:id,user_id,full_name',
+                'departments:id,name',
+            ])
+            ->orderBy('user_profiles.full_name')
+            ->get(['lecturers.id', 'lecturers.user_id', 'lecturers.lecturer_number']);
+    }
+
+    private function filteredQuery(string $search, ?string $gender, ?int $departmentId): Builder
+    {
+        return User::with([
+            'profile:id,user_id,full_name,phone_number,gender,birth_place,birth_date,address',
+            'lecturer:id,user_id,lecturer_number',
+            'lecturer.departments:id,name',
+        ])
+            ->whereHas('roles', fn ($q) => $q->where('name', UserRole::Dosen->value))
+            ->when($search, fn ($q) => $q->where(function ($query) use ($search) {
+                $query->where('username', 'like', "%{$search}%")
+                    ->orWhere('email', 'like', "%{$search}%")
+                    ->orWhereHas('profile', fn ($q) => $q->where('full_name', 'like', "%{$search}%"))
+                    ->orWhereHas('lecturer', fn ($q) => $q->where('lecturer_number', 'like', "%{$search}%"));
+            }))
+            ->when($gender, fn ($q) => $q->whereHas('profile', fn ($q) => $q->where('gender', $gender)))
+            ->when($departmentId, fn ($q) => $q->whereHas('lecturer.departments', fn ($q) => $q->where('departments.id', $departmentId)));
+    }
 }

app/Services/Admin/Users/StudentService.php

@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@
 
 namespace App\Services\Admin\Users;
 
+use App\Enums\StudentStatus;
+use App\Enums\UserRole;
 use App\Models\Student;
 use App\Models\User;
 use Illuminate\Contracts\Pagination\LengthAwarePaginator;
@@ -12,67 +14,11 @@
 
 class StudentService
 {
-    public function getAllForSelect(?string $status = null): Collection
+    public function paginated(User $user, int $perPage = 25, string $search = '', ?string $gender = null, ?int $departmentId = null, ?string $status = null, ?int $enrollmentYear = null): LengthAwarePaginator
     {
-        return Student::select(['students.id', 'students.user_id', 'students.student_number', 'students.department_id', 'students.current_semester'])
+        return $this->filteredQuery($user, $search, $gender, $departmentId, $status, $enrollmentYear)
-            ->join('departments', 'departments.id', '=', 'students.department_id')
-            ->join('users', 'users.id', '=', 'students.user_id')
-            ->join('user_profiles', 'user_profiles.user_id', '=', 'users.id')
-            ->with([
-                'user:id,username',
-                'user.profile:id,user_id,full_name',
-                'department:id,name',
-            ])
-            ->when($status, fn ($q) => $q->where('students.status', $status))
-            ->orderBy('departments.name')
-            ->orderBy('students.current_semester')
-            ->orderBy('user_profiles.full_name')
-            ->get();
-    }
-
-    public function getEnrollmentYears(): array
-    {
-        return Student::query()
-            ->select('enrollment_year')
-            ->distinct()
-            ->orderByDesc('enrollment_year')
-            ->pluck('enrollment_year')
-            ->all();
-    }
-
-    public function paginated(int $perPage = 25, string $search = '', ?string $gender = null, ?int $departmentId = null, ?string $status = null, ?int $enrollmentYear = null): LengthAwarePaginator
-    {
-        return $this->filteredQuery($search, $gender, $departmentId, $status, $enrollmentYear)
             ->latest()
-            ->paginate($perPage);
+            ->paginate($perPage, ['id', 'username', 'email', 'is_active']);
-    }
-
-    public function forExport(string $search = '', ?string $gender = null, ?int $departmentId = null, ?string $status = null, ?int $enrollmentYear = null): Collection
-    {
-        return $this->filteredQuery($search, $gender, $departmentId, $status, $enrollmentYear)
-            ->orderBy('created_at', 'desc')
-            ->get();
-    }
-
-    private function filteredQuery(string $search, ?string $gender, ?int $departmentId, ?string $status, ?int $enrollmentYear = null): Builder
-    {
-        return User::select(['id', 'username', 'email', 'is_active'])
-            ->with([
-                'profile:id,user_id,full_name,phone_number,gender,birth_place,birth_date,address',
-                'student:id,user_id,student_number,department_id,enrollment_year,current_semester,status',
-                'student.department:id,name',
-            ])
-            ->whereHas('roles', fn ($q) => $q->where('name', 'mahasiswa'))
-            ->when($search, fn ($q) => $q->where(function ($query) use ($search) {
-                $query->where('username', 'like', "%{$search}%")
-                    ->orWhere('email', 'like', "%{$search}%")
-                    ->orWhereHas('profile', fn ($q) => $q->where('full_name', 'like', "%{$search}%"))
-                    ->orWhereHas('student', fn ($q) => $q->where('student_number', 'like', "%{$search}%"));
-            }))
-            ->when($gender, fn ($q) => $q->whereHas('profile', fn ($q) => $q->where('gender', $gender)))
-            ->when($departmentId, fn ($q) => $q->whereHas('student', fn ($q) => $q->where('department_id', $departmentId)))
-            ->when($status, fn ($q) => $q->whereHas('student', fn ($q) => $q->where('status', $status)))
-            ->when($enrollmentYear, fn ($q) => $q->whereHas('student', fn ($q) => $q->where('enrollment_year', $enrollmentYear)));
     }
 
     public function create(array $data): User
@@ -84,7 +30,7 @@ public function create(array $data): User
                 'password' => Hash::make(config('app.default_password')),
             ]);
 
-            $user->assignRole('mahasiswa');
+            $user->assignRole(UserRole::Mahasiswa->value);
 
             $user->profile()->create([
                 'full_name' => $data['full_name'],
@@ -101,7 +47,7 @@ public function create(array $data): User
                 'enrollment_year' => $data['enrollment_year'],
                 'current_semester' => $data['current_semester'],
                 'academic_advisor_id' => $data['academic_advisor_id'],
-                'status' => 'active',
+                'status' => StudentStatus::Active,
             ]);
 
             return $user;
@@ -162,4 +108,62 @@ public function updateUserStatus(User $user, bool $isActive): void
     {
         $user->update(['is_active' => $isActive]);
     }
+
+    public function forExport(User $user, string $search = '', ?string $gender = null, ?int $departmentId = null, ?string $status = null, ?int $enrollmentYear = null): Collection
+    {
+        return $this->filteredQuery($user, $search, $gender, $departmentId, $status, $enrollmentYear)
+            ->orderBy('created_at', 'desc')
+            ->get(['id', 'username', 'email', 'is_active']);
+    }
+
+    public function getAllForSelect(?string $status = null): Collection
+    {
+        return Student::join('departments', 'departments.id', '=', 'students.department_id')
+            ->join('users', 'users.id', '=', 'students.user_id')
+            ->join('user_profiles', 'user_profiles.user_id', '=', 'users.id')
+            ->with([
+                'user:id,username',
+                'user.profile:id,user_id,full_name',
+                'department:id,name',
+            ])
+            ->when($status, fn ($q) => $q->where('students.status', $status))
+            ->orderBy('departments.name')
+            ->orderBy('students.current_semester')
+            ->orderBy('user_profiles.full_name')
+            ->get(['students.id', 'students.user_id', 'students.student_number', 'students.department_id', 'students.current_semester']);
+    }
+
+    public function getEnrollmentYears(): array
+    {
+        return Student::query()
+            ->distinct()
+            ->orderByDesc('enrollment_year')
+            ->pluck('enrollment_year')
+            ->all();
+    }
+
+    private function filteredQuery(User $user, string $search, ?string $gender, ?int $departmentId, ?string $status, ?int $enrollmentYear = null): Builder
+    {
+        $taughtDepartmentIds = $user->hasRole(UserRole::Dosen->value)
+            ? $user->lecturer?->departments()->pluck('departments.id')->all() ?? []
+            : null;
+
+        return User::with([
+            'profile:id,user_id,full_name,phone_number,gender,birth_place,birth_date,address',
+            'student:id,user_id,student_number,department_id,enrollment_year,current_semester,status',
+            'student.department:id,name',
+        ])
+            ->whereHas('roles', fn ($q) => $q->where('name', UserRole::Mahasiswa->value))
+            ->when($taughtDepartmentIds !== null, fn ($q) => $q->whereHas('student', fn ($q) => $q->whereIn('department_id', $taughtDepartmentIds)))
+            ->when($search, fn ($q) => $q->where(function ($query) use ($search) {
+                $query->where('username', 'like', "%{$search}%")
+                    ->orWhere('email', 'like', "%{$search}%")
+                    ->orWhereHas('profile', fn ($q) => $q->where('full_name', 'like', "%{$search}%"))
+                    ->orWhereHas('student', fn ($q) => $q->where('student_number', 'like', "%{$search}%"));
+            }))
+            ->when($gender, fn ($q) => $q->whereHas('profile', fn ($q) => $q->where('gender', $gender)))
+            ->when($departmentId, fn ($q) => $q->whereHas('student', fn ($q) => $q->where('department_id', $departmentId)))
+            ->when($status, fn ($q) => $q->whereHas('student', fn ($q) => $q->where('status', $status)))
+            ->when($enrollmentYear, fn ($q) => $q->whereHas('student', fn ($q) => $q->where('enrollment_year', $enrollmentYear)));
+    }
 }

app/Support/PermissionCatalog.php

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ class PermissionCatalog
         'view-assignment-submissions', 'update-assignment-submissions',
         'submit-assignments',
         'view-schedules', 'create-schedules', 'update-schedules', 'delete-schedules',
-        'view-attendances', 'create-attendances', 'delete-attendances', 'view-own-attendances',
+        'view-attendances', 'create-attendances', 'delete-attendances',
     ];
 
     public const MANAGE = [
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ class PermissionCatalog
     ];
 
     public const FEEDBACK = [
-        'view-feedback', 'create-feedback', 'update-feedback', 'delete-feedback', 'update-feedback-status',
+        'view-feedback', 'create-feedback', 'update-feedback', 'delete-feedback', 'update-feedback-status', 'reply-feedback',
     ];
 
     /**

database/migrations/2026_08_25_000002_create_announcements_table.php

@@ -12,8 +12,7 @@ public function up(): void
             $table->id();
             $table->string('title', 200);
             $table->text('content');
-            $table->foreignId('department_id')->nullable()->constrained()->nullOnDelete();
+            $table->json('target_roles');
-            $table->integer('enrollment_year')->nullable();
             $table->foreignId('created_by')->nullable()->constrained('users')->nullOnDelete();
             $table->timestamps();
             $table->softDeletes();

database/migrations/2026_08_25_000006_create_feedbacks_table.php

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ public function up(): void
             $table->text('message');
             $table->enum('status', FeedbackStatus::values())->default(FeedbackStatus::Submitted->value);
             $table->foreignId('handled_by')->nullable()->constrained('users')->nullOnDelete();
-            $table->text('admin_notes')->nullable();
+            $table->text('reply')->nullable();
             $table->timestamps();
         });
     }

database/seeders/AnnouncementSeeder.php

@@ -13,8 +13,7 @@ public function run(): void
             [
                 'title' => 'Libur Idul Fitri',
                 'content' => 'Perkuliahan diliburkan sesuai kalender akademik',
-                'department_id' => null,
+                'target_roles' => json_encode(['mahasiswa', 'dosen']),
-                'enrollment_year' => null,
                 'created_by' => 5,
                 'created_at' => '2026-03-01 08:00:00',
                 'updated_at' => '2026-03-01 08:00:00',
@@ -22,8 +21,7 @@ public function run(): void
             [
                 'title' => 'Jadwal UTS Prodi SI',
                 'content' => 'UTS Sistem Informasi dilaksanakan tanggal 20-25 Oktober',
-                'department_id' => 1,
+                'target_roles' => json_encode(['mahasiswa']),
-                'enrollment_year' => null,
                 'created_by' => 5,
                 'created_at' => '2026-10-01 08:00:00',
                 'updated_at' => '2026-10-01 08:00:00',

database/seeders/RolePermissionSeeder.php

@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@ public function run(): void
             'mahasiswa' => [
                 'view-dashboard',
                 'view-academic-terms',
+                'view-academic-advising-logs',
                 'view-courses',
                 'view-course-registrations',
                 'view-letter-requests',
@@ -50,7 +51,7 @@ public function run(): void
                 'view-materials',
                 'view-assignments',
                 'submit-assignments',
-                'view-own-attendances',
+                'view-announcements',
                 ...$feedbackSelfService,
             ],
             'dosen' => [
@@ -75,6 +76,11 @@ public function run(): void
                 'view-attendances',
                 'create-attendances',
                 'delete-attendances',
+                'view-letter-requests',
+                'create-letter-requests',
+                'update-letter-requests',
+                'delete-letter-requests',
+                'view-announcements',
                 ...$feedbackSelfService,
             ],
             'staff-admin' => [
@@ -84,8 +90,9 @@ public function run(): void
                 ...$manage,
                 ...array_diff($services, ['create-letter-requests', 'update-letter-requests']),
                 ...$users,
-                ...$feedbackSelfService,
+                'view-feedback',
                 'update-feedback-status',
+                'reply-feedback',
             ],
             'staff-keuangan' => [
                 'view-dashboard',

resources/js/components/app-sidebar.tsx

@@ -36,10 +36,7 @@ import {
     SidebarMenuItem,
 } from '@/components/ui/sidebar';
 import { index as assignmentsRoute } from '@/routes/admin/academic-classes/assignments';
-import {
+import { index as attendancesRoute } from '@/routes/admin/academic-classes/attendances';
-    index as attendancesRoute,
-    mine as myAttendancesRoute,
-} from '@/routes/admin/academic-classes/attendances';
 import { index as materialsRoute } from '@/routes/admin/academic-classes/materials';
 import { index as schedulesRoute } from '@/routes/admin/academic-classes/schedules';
 import { index as logsRoute } from '@/routes/admin/developer/logs';
@@ -175,15 +172,6 @@ function buildNavMain({
                   },
               ]
             : []),
-        ...(can('view-own-attendances')
-            ? [
-                  {
-                      name: 'Riwayat Kehadiran',
-                      url: myAttendancesRoute.url(),
-                      icon: ClipboardCheck,
-                  },
-              ]
-            : []),
     ];
 
     const keuanganItems: NavItem[] = [

resources/js/components/attachment-preview-dialog.tsx

@@ -1,11 +1,17 @@
-import { Paperclip } from 'lucide-react';
+import { Eye, Paperclip } from 'lucide-react';
 import { useState } from 'react';
+import { Button } from '@/components/ui/button';
 import {
     Dialog,
     DialogContent,
     DialogHeader,
     DialogTitle,
 } from '@/components/ui/dialog';
+import {
+    Tooltip,
+    TooltipContent,
+    TooltipTrigger,
+} from '@/components/ui/tooltip';
 import { cn } from '@/lib/utils';
 
 const IMAGE_EXTENSIONS = ['jpg', 'jpeg', 'png', 'gif', 'webp'];
@@ -19,12 +25,14 @@ type AttachmentPreviewDialogProps = {
     fileUrl: string;
     fileName: string;
     className?: string;
+    variant?: 'link' | 'icon';
 };
 
 export function AttachmentPreviewDialog({
     fileUrl,
     fileName,
     className,
+    variant = 'link',
 }: AttachmentPreviewDialogProps) {
     const [open, setOpen] = useState(false);
     const extension = fileExtension(fileName);
@@ -34,6 +42,22 @@ export function AttachmentPreviewDialog({
 
     return (
         <>
+            {variant === 'icon' ? (
+                <Tooltip>
+                    <TooltipTrigger asChild>
+                        <Button
+                            type="button"
+                            variant="ghost"
+                            size="icon"
+                            className={className}
+                            onClick={() => setOpen(true)}
+                        >
+                            <Eye className="h-4 w-4" />
+                        </Button>
+                    </TooltipTrigger>
+                    <TooltipContent side="top">Lihat</TooltipContent>
+                </Tooltip>
+            ) : (
                 <button
                     type="button"
                     onClick={() => setOpen(true)}
@@ -45,6 +69,7 @@ export function AttachmentPreviewDialog({
                     <Paperclip className="h-3.5 w-3.5 shrink-0" />
                     <span className="truncate">{fileName}</span>
                 </button>
+            )}
 
             <Dialog open={open} onOpenChange={setOpen}>
                 <DialogContent

resources/js/components/data-cards.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,228 @@
+import { InfiniteScroll } from '@inertiajs/react';
+import {
+    ChevronLeft,
+    ChevronRight,
+    ChevronsLeft,
+    ChevronsRight,
+} from 'lucide-react';
+import * as React from 'react';
+import type { PaginationState } from '@/components/data-table';
+import { useDebounce } from '@/components/data-table';
+import { Button } from '@/components/ui/button';
+import { Card, CardContent } from '@/components/ui/card';
+import { Input } from '@/components/ui/input';
+import {
+    Select,
+    SelectContent,
+    SelectItem,
+    SelectTrigger,
+    SelectValue,
+} from '@/components/ui/select';
+
+export type { PaginationState } from '@/components/data-table';
+
+interface DataCardsProps<TData> {
+    data: TData[];
+    renderCard: (item: TData, index: number) => React.ReactNode;
+    getRowId?: (item: TData) => string | number;
+    searchKey?: string;
+    searchPlaceholder?: string;
+    emptyText?: string;
+    toolbar?: React.ReactNode;
+    pagination: PaginationState;
+    onPageChange?: (page: number) => void;
+    onPerPageChange?: (perPage: number) => void;
+    onSearchChange?: (search: string) => void;
+    searchValue?: string;
+    /**
+     * Enables infinite scroll instead of page-based pagination. `propName`
+     * must match the Inertia page prop returned via `Inertia::scroll()` on
+     * the backend so the frontend can track its merge/scroll metadata.
+     */
+    infiniteScroll?: {
+        propName: string;
+        buffer?: number;
+    };
+}
+
+export function DataCards<TData>({
+    data,
+    renderCard,
+    getRowId,
+    searchKey,
+    searchPlaceholder = 'Ketikkan sesuatu...',
+    emptyText = 'Tidak ada data.',
+    toolbar,
+    pagination,
+    onPageChange,
+    onPerPageChange,
+    onSearchChange,
+    searchValue,
+    infiniteScroll,
+}: DataCardsProps<TData>) {
+    const isInfiniteScroll = !!infiniteScroll;
+    const [localSearch, setLocalSearch] = React.useState(searchValue ?? '');
+    const [previousSearchValue, setPreviousSearchValue] =
+        React.useState(searchValue);
+
+    if (searchValue !== previousSearchValue) {
+        setPreviousSearchValue(searchValue);
+        setLocalSearch(searchValue ?? '');
+    }
+
+    const handleSearchDebounced = useDebounce(
+        (value: string) => onSearchChange?.(value),
+        300,
+    );
+
+    function handleSearchChange(value: string) {
+        setLocalSearch(value);
+        handleSearchDebounced(value);
+    }
+
+    const currentPage = pagination.current_page;
+    const totalPages = pagination.last_page;
+
+    return (
+        <>
+            {(searchKey || toolbar || onPerPageChange) && (
+                <div className="flex items-center gap-2">
+                    {searchKey && (
+                        <Input
+                            placeholder={searchPlaceholder}
+                            value={localSearch}
+                            onChange={(event) =>
+                                handleSearchChange(event.target.value)
+                            }
+                            className="max-w-sm"
+                        />
+                    )}
+                    {toolbar}
+                    <div className="ml-auto flex items-center gap-2">
+                        {onPerPageChange && (
+                            <Select
+                                value={String(pagination.per_page)}
+                                onValueChange={(value) =>
+                                    onPerPageChange(Number(value))
+                                }
+                            >
+                                <SelectTrigger className="h-8 w-[70px]">
+                                    <SelectValue />
+                                </SelectTrigger>
+                                <SelectContent>
+                                    <SelectItem value="25">25</SelectItem>
+                                    <SelectItem value="50">50</SelectItem>
+                                    <SelectItem value="100">100</SelectItem>
+                                    <SelectItem value="999999">
+                                        Semua
+                                    </SelectItem>
+                                </SelectContent>
+                            </Select>
+                        )}
+                    </div>
+                </div>
+            )}
+
+            {data.length ? (
+                isInfiniteScroll ? (
+                    <InfiniteScroll
+                        data={infiniteScroll.propName}
+                        as="div"
+                        onlyNext
+                        preserveUrl
+                        buffer={infiniteScroll.buffer ?? 300}
+                        className="grid grid-cols-1 gap-4 sm:grid-cols-2 lg:grid-cols-3 xl:grid-cols-4"
+                        next={({ loading, hasMore }) =>
+                            loading ? (
+                                <p className="py-2 text-center text-sm text-muted-foreground">
+                                    Memuat data...
+                                </p>
+                            ) : hasMore ? null : (
+                                <p className="py-2 text-center text-sm text-muted-foreground">
+                                    Semua data telah ditampilkan.
+                                </p>
+                            )
+                        }
+                    >
+                        {data.map((item, index) => (
+                            <Card
+                                key={getRowId ? getRowId(item) : index}
+                                className="overflow-hidden"
+                            >
+                                <CardContent>
+                                    {renderCard(item, index)}
+                                </CardContent>
+                            </Card>
+                        ))}
+                    </InfiniteScroll>
+                ) : (
+                    <div className="grid grid-cols-1 gap-4 sm:grid-cols-2 lg:grid-cols-3 xl:grid-cols-4">
+                        {data.map((item, index) => (
+                            <Card
+                                key={getRowId ? getRowId(item) : index}
+                                className="overflow-hidden"
+                            >
+                                <CardContent>
+                                    {renderCard(item, index)}
+                                </CardContent>
+                            </Card>
+                        ))}
+                    </div>
+                )
+            ) : (
+                <Card>
+                    <CardContent className="flex h-24 items-center justify-center text-center text-muted-foreground">
+                        {emptyText}
+                    </CardContent>
+                </Card>
+            )}
+
+            {isInfiniteScroll ? (
+                <p className="text-center text-sm text-muted-foreground">
+                    Menampilkan {data.length.toLocaleString('id-ID')} dari{' '}
+                    {pagination.total.toLocaleString('id-ID')} data
+                </p>
+            ) : (
+                <div className="flex items-center justify-end gap-2">
+                    <span className="text-sm text-muted-foreground">
+                        {`Halaman ${currentPage} dari ${totalPages}`}
+                    </span>
+                    <div className="flex items-center gap-1">
+                        <Button
+                            variant="outline"
+                            size="sm"
+                            onClick={() => onPageChange?.(1)}
+                            disabled={currentPage <= 1}
+                        >
+                            <ChevronsLeft className="h-4 w-4" />
+                        </Button>
+                        <Button
+                            variant="outline"
+                            size="sm"
+                            onClick={() => onPageChange?.(currentPage - 1)}
+                            disabled={currentPage <= 1}
+                        >
+                            <ChevronLeft className="h-4 w-4" />
+                        </Button>
+                        <Button
+                            variant="outline"
+                            size="sm"
+                            onClick={() => onPageChange?.(currentPage + 1)}
+                            disabled={currentPage >= totalPages}
+                        >
+                            <ChevronRight className="h-4 w-4" />
+                        </Button>
+                        <Button
+                            variant="outline"
+                            size="sm"
+                            onClick={() => onPageChange?.(totalPages)}
+                            disabled={currentPage >= totalPages}
+                        >
+                            <ChevronsRight className="h-4 w-4" />
+                        </Button>
+                    </div>
+                </div>
+            )}
+        </>
+    );
+}

resources/js/components/data-table.tsx

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ import {
     verticalListSortingStrategy,
 } from '@dnd-kit/sortable';
 import { CSS } from '@dnd-kit/utilities';
+import { InfiniteScroll } from '@inertiajs/react';
 import type { ColumnDef, ExpandedState, Row } from '@tanstack/react-table';
 import {
     flexRender,
@@ -71,6 +72,15 @@ interface DataTableProps<TData, TValue> {
     onPerPageChange?: (perPage: number) => void;
     onSearchChange?: (search: string) => void;
     searchValue?: string;
+    /**
+     * Enables infinite scroll instead of page-based pagination. `propName`
+     * must match the Inertia page prop returned via `Inertia::scroll()` on
+     * the backend so the frontend can track its merge/scroll metadata.
+     */
+    infiniteScroll?: {
+        propName: string;
+        buffer?: number;
+    };
 }
 
 const DragHandleContext = React.createContext<{
@@ -129,7 +139,7 @@ function SortableTableRow({
     );
 }
 
-function useDebounce(callback: (value: string) => void, delay: number) {
+export function useDebounce(callback: (value: string) => void, delay: number) {
     const timeoutRef = React.useRef<ReturnType<typeof setTimeout> | null>(null);
 
     return React.useCallback(
@@ -163,7 +173,10 @@ export function DataTable<TData, TValue>({
     onPerPageChange,
     onSearchChange,
     searchValue,
+    infiniteScroll,
 }: DataTableProps<TData, TValue>) {
+    const tbodyRef = React.useRef<HTMLTableSectionElement>(null);
+
     const [expanded, setExpanded] = React.useState<ExpandedState>(() => {
         if (!defaultExpanded || !data.length) {
             return {};
@@ -183,7 +196,9 @@ export function DataTable<TData, TValue>({
         setLocalSearch(searchValue ?? '');
     }, [searchValue]);
 
-    const isServerMode = !!pagination && !!onPageChange;
+    const isInfiniteScroll = !!infiniteScroll;
+    const hasServerPager = !isInfiniteScroll && !!pagination && !!onPageChange;
+    const hasServerSearch = !!onSearchChange;
     const isSortable = !!onReorder && !!getRowId;
 
     const handleSearchDebounced = useDebounce(
@@ -200,7 +215,7 @@ export function DataTable<TData, TValue>({
             header: () => <span className="block text-center">No</span>,
             cell: ({ row }) => (
                 <span className="block text-center">
-                    {isServerMode
+                    {hasServerPager
                         ? (currentPage - 1) * (pagination?.per_page ?? 25) +
                           row.index +
                           1
@@ -275,14 +290,14 @@ export function DataTable<TData, TValue>({
     function handleSearchChange(value: string) {
         setLocalSearch(value);
 
-        if (isServerMode) {
+        if (hasServerSearch) {
             handleSearchDebounced(value);
         }
     }
 
     return (
         <>
-            {(searchKey || toolbar || isServerMode) && (
+            {(searchKey || toolbar || hasServerPager || isInfiniteScroll) && (
                 <div className="flex items-center gap-2">
                     {searchKey && (
                         <Input
@@ -296,7 +311,7 @@ export function DataTable<TData, TValue>({
                     )}
                     {toolbar}
                     <div className="ml-auto flex items-center gap-2">
-                        {isServerMode && onPerPageChange && (
+                        {hasServerPager && onPerPageChange && (
                             <Select
                                 value={String(pagination?.per_page ?? 25)}
                                 onValueChange={(value) =>
@@ -349,7 +364,7 @@ export function DataTable<TData, TValue>({
                                 </TableRow>
                             ))}
                         </TableHeader>
-                        <TableBody>
+                        <TableBody ref={tbodyRef}>
                             {table.getRowModel().rows?.length ? (
                                 isSortable ? (
                                     <DndContext
@@ -407,8 +422,7 @@ export function DataTable<TData, TValue>({
                                     </DndContext>
                                 ) : (
                                     (() => {
-                                        let previousGroup: string | null =
+                                        let previousGroup: string | null = null;
-                                            null;
 
                                         return table
                                             .getRowModel()
@@ -445,8 +459,7 @@ export function DataTable<TData, TValue>({
                                                         >
                                                             {row
                                                                 .getVisibleCells()
-                                                                .map(
+                                                                .map((cell) => (
-                                                                    (cell) => (
                                                                     <TableCell
                                                                         key={
                                                                             cell.id
@@ -471,8 +484,7 @@ export function DataTable<TData, TValue>({
                                                                             cell.getContext(),
                                                                         )}
                                                                     </TableCell>
-                                                                    ),
+                                                                ))}
-                                                                )}
                                                         </TableRow>
                                                         {renderSubRow &&
                                                             row.getIsExpanded() && (
@@ -512,14 +524,43 @@ export function DataTable<TData, TValue>({
                 </CardContent>
             </Card>
 
+            {isInfiniteScroll ? (
+                <div className="flex flex-col items-center gap-1">
+                    <span className="text-sm text-muted-foreground">
+                        Menampilkan {data.length.toLocaleString('id-ID')} dari{' '}
+                        {(pagination?.total ?? data.length).toLocaleString(
+                            'id-ID',
+                        )}{' '}
+                        data
+                    </span>
+                    <InfiniteScroll
+                        data={infiniteScroll.propName}
+                        itemsElement={tbodyRef}
+                        onlyNext
+                        preserveUrl
+                        buffer={infiniteScroll.buffer ?? 300}
+                        next={({ loading, hasMore }) =>
+                            loading ? (
+                                <span className="block py-2 text-center text-sm text-muted-foreground">
+                                    Memuat data...
+                                </span>
+                            ) : hasMore ? null : (
+                                <span className="block py-2 text-center text-sm text-muted-foreground">
+                                    Semua data telah ditampilkan.
+                                </span>
+                            )
+                        }
+                    />
+                </div>
+            ) : (
                 <div className="flex items-center justify-end gap-2">
                     <span className="text-sm text-muted-foreground">
-                    {isServerMode
+                        {hasServerPager
                             ? `Halaman ${currentPage} dari ${totalPages}`
                             : `Halaman ${table.getState().pagination.pageIndex + 1} dari ${table.getPageCount()}`}
                     </span>
                     <div className="flex items-center gap-1">
-                    {isServerMode ? (
+                        {hasServerPager ? (
                             <>
                                 <Button
                                     variant="outline"
@@ -532,7 +573,9 @@ export function DataTable<TData, TValue>({
                                 <Button
                                     variant="outline"
                                     size="sm"
-                                onClick={() => onPageChange(currentPage - 1)}
+                                    onClick={() =>
+                                        onPageChange(currentPage - 1)
+                                    }
                                     disabled={currentPage <= 1}
                                 >
                                     <ChevronLeft className="h-4 w-4" />
@@ -540,7 +583,9 @@ export function DataTable<TData, TValue>({
                                 <Button
                                     variant="outline"
                                     size="sm"
-                                onClick={() => onPageChange(currentPage + 1)}
+                                    onClick={() =>
+                                        onPageChange(currentPage + 1)
+                                    }
                                     disabled={currentPage >= totalPages}
                                 >
                                     <ChevronRight className="h-4 w-4" />
@@ -584,7 +629,9 @@ export function DataTable<TData, TValue>({
                                     variant="outline"
                                     size="sm"
                                     onClick={() =>
-                                    table.setPageIndex(table.getPageCount() - 1)
+                                        table.setPageIndex(
+                                            table.getPageCount() - 1,
+                                        )
                                     }
                                     disabled={!table.getCanNextPage()}
                                 >
@@ -594,6 +641,7 @@ export function DataTable<TData, TValue>({
                         )}
                     </div>
                 </div>
+            )}
         </>
     );
 }

resources/js/components/ui/combobox.tsx

@@ -13,7 +13,58 @@ import {
   InputGroupInput,
 } from "@/components/ui/input-group"
 
-const Combobox = ComboboxPrimitive.Root
+function isGroupedItems(
+  items: readonly unknown[]
+): items is ReadonlyArray<{ items: readonly unknown[] }> {
+  return (
+    items.length > 0 &&
+    typeof items[0] === "object" &&
+    items[0] !== null &&
+    "items" in items[0]
+  )
+}
+
+function Combobox<Value, Multiple extends boolean | undefined = false>({
+  items,
+  multiple,
+  value,
+  isItemEqualToValue,
+  ...props
+}: ComboboxPrimitive.Root.Props<Value, Multiple>) {
+  // In multi-select mode, once an option is chosen it's represented as a
+  // chip, so it's removed from the dropdown list instead of staying there
+  // with a checkmark.
+  const filteredItems = React.useMemo(() => {
+    if (!multiple || !items) return items
+
+    const selected = value as unknown as Value[] | null | undefined
+    if (!Array.isArray(selected) || selected.length === 0) return items
+
+    const isEqual =
+      isItemEqualToValue ?? ((a: Value, b: Value) => Object.is(a, b))
+    const isNotSelected = (item: Value) =>
+      !selected.some((selectedValue) => isEqual(item, selectedValue))
+
+    if (isGroupedItems(items)) {
+      return items.map((group) => ({
+        ...group,
+        items: group.items.filter((item) => isNotSelected(item as Value)),
+      }))
+    }
+
+    return (items as readonly Value[]).filter(isNotSelected)
+  }, [items, multiple, value, isItemEqualToValue])
+
+  return (
+    <ComboboxPrimitive.Root
+      items={filteredItems}
+      multiple={multiple}
+      value={value}
+      isItemEqualToValue={isItemEqualToValue}
+      {...props}
+    />
+  )
+}
 
 function ComboboxValue({ ...props }: ComboboxPrimitive.Value.Props) {
   return <ComboboxPrimitive.Value data-slot="combobox-value" {...props} />

resources/js/components/view-toggle.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+import { LayoutGrid, LayoutList } from 'lucide-react';
+import { ToggleGroup, ToggleGroupItem } from '@/components/ui/toggle-group';
+
+export type ViewMode = 'table' | 'card';
+
+type ViewToggleProps = {
+    value: ViewMode;
+    onChange: (value: ViewMode) => void;
+};
+
+export function ViewToggle({ value, onChange }: ViewToggleProps) {
+    return (
+        <ToggleGroup
+            type="single"
+            variant="outline"
+            value={value}
+            onValueChange={(next) => {
+                if (next) {
+                    onChange(next as ViewMode);
+                }
+            }}
+        >
+            <ToggleGroupItem value="table" aria-label="Tampilan tabel">
+                <LayoutList className="h-4 w-4" />
+            </ToggleGroupItem>
+            <ToggleGroupItem value="card" aria-label="Tampilan kartu">
+                <LayoutGrid className="h-4 w-4" />
+            </ToggleGroupItem>
+        </ToggleGroup>
+    );
+}

resources/js/pages/admin/academic-classes/assignments/card.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,225 @@
+import { format } from 'date-fns';
+import {
+    Clock,
+    ClipboardList,
+    Pencil,
+    Trash2,
+    Upload,
+    User,
+} from 'lucide-react';
+import { AttachmentPreviewDialog } from '@/components/attachment-preview-dialog';
+import { RowActions } from '@/components/row-actions';
+import {
+    Accordion,
+    AccordionContent,
+    AccordionItem,
+    AccordionTrigger,
+} from '@/components/ui/accordion';
+import { Badge } from '@/components/ui/badge';
+import { index as submissionsIndex } from '@/routes/admin/academic-classes/assignments/submissions';
+import { formatAcademicTermLabel } from '@/types/academic-term';
+import type { Assignment } from '@/types/assignment';
+import { AssignmentStatusLabels } from '@/types/assignment';
+import { deadlineTextClass, percentageOf } from './utils';
+
+type CreateCardParams = {
+    handleEdit: (assignment: Assignment) => void;
+    handleDeleteClick: (assignment: Assignment) => void;
+    handleSubmitClick: (assignment: Assignment) => void;
+    canUpdate: boolean;
+    canDelete: boolean;
+    canSubmit: boolean;
+    canViewSubmissions: boolean;
+};
+
+export function createAssignmentCard(params: CreateCardParams) {
+    const {
+        handleEdit,
+        handleDeleteClick,
+        handleSubmitClick,
+        canUpdate,
+        canDelete,
+        canSubmit,
+        canViewSubmissions,
+    } = params;
+
+    return function AssignmentCard(assignment: Assignment) {
+        const mySubmission = assignment.submissions?.[0];
+        const lecturerName =
+            assignment.course_class?.lecturer?.user?.profile?.full_name ??
+            null;
+
+        return (
+            <div className="flex flex-col gap-2">
+                <div className="flex items-start justify-between gap-2">
+                    <div className="flex flex-col gap-1">
+                        <p className="text-base leading-tight font-medium">
+                            {assignment.title}
+                        </p>
+                        {assignment.course_class && (
+                            <span className="text-xs text-muted-foreground">
+                                {assignment.course_class.course?.code ?? ''}{' '}
+                                {assignment.course_class.course?.name ?? ''}
+                            </span>
+                        )}
+                        {lecturerName && (
+                            <span className="flex items-center gap-1 text-xs text-muted-foreground">
+                                <User className="h-3 w-3 shrink-0" />
+                                {lecturerName}
+                            </span>
+                        )}
+                    </div>
+                    <RowActions
+                        wrapperClassName="-mt-1 -mr-2 flex items-center gap-1"
+                        actions={[
+                            {
+                                label:
+                                    mySubmission?.status === 'submitted'
+                                        ? 'Kumpulkan Ulang'
+                                        : 'Kumpulkan Tugas',
+                                icon: <Upload className="h-3.5 w-3.5" />,
+                                show:
+                                    canSubmit && assignment.status === 'open',
+                                onClick: () => handleSubmitClick(assignment),
+                            },
+                            {
+                                label: 'Pengumpulan',
+                                icon: (
+                                    <ClipboardList className="h-3.5 w-3.5" />
+                                ),
+                                show: canViewSubmissions,
+                                href: submissionsIndex.url(assignment.id),
+                            },
+                            {
+                                label: 'Edit',
+                                icon: <Pencil className="h-3.5 w-3.5" />,
+                                show: canUpdate,
+                                onClick: () => handleEdit(assignment),
+                            },
+                            {
+                                label: 'Hapus',
+                                icon: (
+                                    <Trash2 className="h-3.5 w-3.5 text-destructive" />
+                                ),
+                                show: canDelete,
+                                onClick: () => handleDeleteClick(assignment),
+                            },
+                        ]}
+                    />
+                </div>
+
+                <div className="flex flex-wrap items-center gap-1.5 text-xs text-muted-foreground">
+                    <Badge
+                        variant={
+                            assignment.status === 'open'
+                                ? 'secondary'
+                                : 'destructive'
+                        }
+                        className="w-fit text-[10px] font-normal"
+                    >
+                        {AssignmentStatusLabels[assignment.status]}
+                    </Badge>
+                    {assignment.course_class?.academic_term && (
+                        <Badge
+                            variant="outline"
+                            className="w-fit text-[10px] font-normal"
+                        >
+                            {formatAcademicTermLabel(
+                                assignment.course_class.academic_term,
+                            )}
+                        </Badge>
+                    )}
+                </div>
+
+                <span
+                    className={`inline-flex items-center gap-1.5 text-xs ${deadlineTextClass(assignment.deadline)}`}
+                >
+                    <Clock className="h-3.5 w-3.5 shrink-0" />
+                    {format(new Date(assignment.deadline), 'd MMM yyyy, HH:mm')}
+                </span>
+
+                {assignment.attachment_url && assignment.attachment_name ? (
+                    <div className="text-xs text-muted-foreground">
+                        <AttachmentPreviewDialog
+                            fileUrl={assignment.attachment_url}
+                            fileName={assignment.attachment_name}
+                        />
+                    </div>
+                ) : null}
+
+                <div className="flex flex-wrap items-center gap-1.5 pt-1">
+                    {canSubmit ? (
+                        <Badge
+                            variant={
+                                mySubmission?.status === 'submitted'
+                                    ? 'default'
+                                    : 'secondary'
+                            }
+                        >
+                            {mySubmission?.status === 'submitted'
+                                ? 'Sudah Mengumpulkan'
+                                : 'Belum Mengumpulkan'}
+                        </Badge>
+                    ) : (
+                        <>
+                            <Badge variant="secondary">
+                                {assignment.submissions_count.toLocaleString(
+                                    'id-ID',
+                                )}{' '}
+                                /{' '}
+                                {(
+                                    assignment.course_class
+                                        ?.enrollments_count ?? 0
+                                ).toLocaleString('id-ID')}{' '}
+                                Pengumpulan (
+                                {percentageOf(
+                                    assignment.submissions_count,
+                                    assignment.course_class
+                                        ?.enrollments_count ?? 0,
+                                )}
+                                %)
+                            </Badge>
+                            <Badge variant="outline">
+                                {assignment.graded_submissions_count.toLocaleString(
+                                    'id-ID',
+                                )}{' '}
+                                /{' '}
+                                {assignment.submissions_count.toLocaleString(
+                                    'id-ID',
+                                )}{' '}
+                                Dinilai (
+                                {percentageOf(
+                                    assignment.graded_submissions_count,
+                                    assignment.submissions_count,
+                                )}
+                                %)
+                            </Badge>
+                        </>
+                    )}
+                </div>
+
+                {assignment.description && (
+                    <Accordion
+                        type="single"
+                        collapsible
+                        className="-mx-6 -mb-6 border-t"
+                    >
+                        <AccordionItem
+                            value="description"
+                            className="border-b-0"
+                        >
+                            <AccordionTrigger className="px-6 text-xs font-medium text-foreground hover:no-underline">
+                                Deskripsi
+                            </AccordionTrigger>
+                            <AccordionContent className="px-6">
+                                <p className="text-sm whitespace-pre-line text-foreground">
+                                    {assignment.description}
+                                </p>
+                            </AccordionContent>
+                        </AccordionItem>
+                    </Accordion>
+                )}
+            </div>
+        );
+    };
+}

resources/js/pages/admin/academic-classes/assignments/columns.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,213 @@
+import type { ColumnDef } from '@tanstack/react-table';
+import { format } from 'date-fns';
+import { ClipboardList, Pencil, Trash2, Upload } from 'lucide-react';
+import { RowActions } from '@/components/row-actions';
+import { Badge } from '@/components/ui/badge';
+import { index as submissionsIndex } from '@/routes/admin/academic-classes/assignments/submissions';
+import type { Assignment } from '@/types/assignment';
+import { AssignmentStatusLabels } from '@/types/assignment';
+import { deadlineTextClass, percentageOf } from './utils';
+
+export type { Assignment } from '@/types/assignment';
+
+type CreateColumnsParams = {
+    handleEdit: (assignment: Assignment) => void;
+    handleDeleteClick: (assignment: Assignment) => void;
+    handleSubmitClick: (assignment: Assignment) => void;
+    canUpdate: boolean;
+    canDelete: boolean;
+    canSubmit: boolean;
+    canViewSubmissions: boolean;
+};
+
+export function createAssignmentColumns(
+    params: CreateColumnsParams,
+): ColumnDef<Assignment>[] {
+    const {
+        handleEdit,
+        handleDeleteClick,
+        handleSubmitClick,
+        canUpdate,
+        canDelete,
+        canSubmit,
+        canViewSubmissions,
+    } = params;
+
+    const columns: ColumnDef<Assignment>[] = [
+        {
+            accessorKey: 'title',
+            header: () => <span>Judul</span>,
+            cell: ({ row }) => (
+                <span className="font-medium">
+                    {row.getValue('title') as string}
+                </span>
+            ),
+        },
+        {
+            accessorKey: 'course_class.course.name',
+            header: () => <span>Kelas</span>,
+            cell: ({ row }) => {
+                const courseClass = row.original.course_class;
+
+                if (!courseClass) {
+                    return '-';
+                }
+
+                return `${courseClass.course?.code ?? ''} - ${courseClass.course?.name ?? ''}`;
+            },
+        },
+        {
+            accessorKey: 'deadline',
+            header: () => <span>Batas Waktu</span>,
+            cell: ({ row }) => {
+                const assignment = row.original;
+
+                return (
+                    <span className={deadlineTextClass(assignment.deadline)}>
+                        {format(
+                            new Date(assignment.deadline),
+                            'd MMM yyyy, HH:mm',
+                        )}
+                    </span>
+                );
+            },
+        },
+        {
+            accessorKey: 'status',
+            header: () => <span className="block text-center">Status</span>,
+            meta: {
+                className: 'text-center',
+                headerClassName: 'text-center',
+            },
+            cell: ({ row }) => {
+                const assignment = row.original;
+
+                return (
+                    <Badge
+                        variant={
+                            assignment.status === 'open'
+                                ? 'secondary'
+                                : 'destructive'
+                        }
+                    >
+                        {AssignmentStatusLabels[assignment.status]}
+                    </Badge>
+                );
+            },
+        },
+        {
+            id: 'submissions',
+            header: () => <span>Pengumpulan</span>,
+            cell: ({ row }) => {
+                const assignment = row.original;
+
+                if (canSubmit) {
+                    const mySubmission = assignment.submissions?.[0];
+
+                    return (
+                        <Badge
+                            variant={
+                                mySubmission?.status === 'submitted'
+                                    ? 'default'
+                                    : 'secondary'
+                            }
+                        >
+                            {mySubmission?.status === 'submitted'
+                                ? 'Sudah Mengumpulkan'
+                                : 'Belum Mengumpulkan'}
+                        </Badge>
+                    );
+                }
+
+                const enrollmentsCount =
+                    assignment.course_class?.enrollments_count ?? 0;
+
+                return (
+                    <div className="flex flex-col gap-0.5 text-xs text-muted-foreground">
+                        <span>
+                            {assignment.submissions_count.toLocaleString(
+                                'id-ID',
+                            )}{' '}
+                            / {enrollmentsCount.toLocaleString('id-ID')}{' '}
+                            mengumpulkan (
+                            {percentageOf(
+                                assignment.submissions_count,
+                                enrollmentsCount,
+                            )}
+                            %)
+                        </span>
+                        <span>
+                            {assignment.graded_submissions_count.toLocaleString(
+                                'id-ID',
+                            )}{' '}
+                            /{' '}
+                            {assignment.submissions_count.toLocaleString(
+                                'id-ID',
+                            )}{' '}
+                            dinilai (
+                            {percentageOf(
+                                assignment.graded_submissions_count,
+                                assignment.submissions_count,
+                            )}
+                            %)
+                        </span>
+                    </div>
+                );
+            },
+        },
+    ];
+
+    columns.push({
+        id: 'actions',
+        header: () => <span className="block text-center">Aksi</span>,
+        meta: {
+            className: 'w-[160px] text-center',
+            headerClassName: 'w-[160px] text-center',
+        },
+        cell: ({ row }) => {
+            const assignment = row.original;
+            const mySubmission = assignment.submissions?.[0];
+
+            return (
+                <div className="flex items-center justify-center">
+                    <RowActions
+                        actions={[
+                            {
+                                label:
+                                    mySubmission?.status === 'submitted'
+                                        ? 'Kumpulkan Ulang'
+                                        : 'Kumpulkan Tugas',
+                                icon: <Upload className="h-4 w-4" />,
+                                show:
+                                    canSubmit && assignment.status === 'open',
+                                onClick: () => handleSubmitClick(assignment),
+                            },
+                            {
+                                label: 'Pengumpulan',
+                                icon: <ClipboardList className="h-4 w-4" />,
+                                show: canViewSubmissions,
+                                href: submissionsIndex.url(assignment.id),
+                            },
+                            {
+                                label: 'Edit',
+                                icon: <Pencil className="h-4 w-4" />,
+                                show: canUpdate,
+                                onClick: () => handleEdit(assignment),
+                            },
+                            {
+                                label: 'Hapus',
+                                icon: (
+                                    <Trash2 className="h-4 w-4 text-destructive" />
+                                ),
+                                show: canDelete,
+                                onClick: () => handleDeleteClick(assignment),
+                            },
+                        ]}
+                    />
+                </div>
+            );
+        },
+    });
+
+    return columns;
+}

resources/js/pages/admin/academic-classes/assignments/index.tsx

@@ -1,37 +1,18 @@
-import { Head, InfiniteScroll, router } from '@inertiajs/react';
+import { Head, router } from '@inertiajs/react';
-import { format } from 'date-fns';
+import { Plus } from 'lucide-react';
-import {
-    Clock,
-    ClipboardList,
-    Paperclip,
-    Pencil,
-    Plus,
-    Trash2,
-    Upload,
-} from 'lucide-react';
 import { useState } from 'react';
-import { AttachmentPreviewDialog } from '@/components/attachment-preview-dialog';
+import { DataCards } from '@/components/data-cards';
+import type { PaginationState } from '@/components/data-table';
+import { DataTable } from '@/components/data-table';
 import { DateTimeField } from '@/components/datetime-field';
 import { DeleteConfirmDialog } from '@/components/delete-confirm-dialog';
 import { FileUploadField } from '@/components/file-upload-field';
-import type {
+import type { FilterOptionGroup } from '@/components/filter-dialog';
-    FilterField,
-    FilterOptionGroup,
-} from '@/components/filter-dialog';
 import { FilterDialog } from '@/components/filter-dialog';
 import { FormDialog } from '@/components/form-dialog';
 import InputError from '@/components/input-error';
 import { PageHeader } from '@/components/page-header';
-import { RowActions } from '@/components/row-actions';
-import {
-    Accordion,
-    AccordionContent,
-    AccordionItem,
-    AccordionTrigger,
-} from '@/components/ui/accordion';
-import { Badge } from '@/components/ui/badge';
 import { Button } from '@/components/ui/button';
-import { Card, CardContent, CardHeader, CardTitle } from '@/components/ui/card';
 import {
     Combobox,
     ComboboxCollection,
@@ -53,6 +34,8 @@ import {
     SelectValue,
 } from '@/components/ui/select';
 import { Textarea } from '@/components/ui/textarea';
+import type { ViewMode } from '@/components/view-toggle';
+import { ViewToggle } from '@/components/view-toggle';
 import { usePermissions } from '@/hooks/use-permissions';
 import { useServerTable } from '@/hooks/use-server-table';
 import {
@@ -62,10 +45,10 @@ import {
     submit,
     update,
 } from '@/routes/admin/academic-classes/assignments';
-import { index as submissionsIndex } from '@/routes/admin/academic-classes/assignments/submissions';
-import { formatAcademicTermLabel } from '@/types/academic-term';
 import type { Assignment } from '@/types/assignment';
-import { AssignmentStatusLabels, AssignmentStatuses } from '@/types/assignment';
+import { AssignmentStatuses, AssignmentStatusLabels } from '@/types/assignment';
+import { createAssignmentCard } from './card';
+import { createAssignmentColumns } from './columns';
 
 type CourseClassOption = {
     id: number;
@@ -80,12 +63,6 @@ type CourseClassOption = {
 
 type CourseClassGroup = { value: string; items: CourseClassOption[] };
 
-type AcademicTermOption = {
-    id: number;
-    academic_year: string;
-    semester: string;
-};
-
 type Props = {
     assignments: {
         data: Assignment[];
@@ -95,11 +72,9 @@ type Props = {
         total: number;
     };
     courseClasses: CourseClassOption[];
-    academicTerms: AcademicTermOption[];
     highlight?: number;
     filters: {
         course_class_id?: string;
-        academic_term_id?: string;
     };
 };
 
@@ -107,29 +82,6 @@ function courseClassLabel(courseClass: CourseClassOption): string {
     return `${courseClass.course?.code ?? ''} - ${courseClass.course?.name ?? ''}`;
 }
 
-function percentageOf(part: number, total: number): number {
-    return total > 0 ? Math.round((part / total) * 100) : 0;
-}
-
-/** Turns red as the deadline passes, amber once it's within 3 days. */
-function deadlineTextClass(deadline: string): string {
-    const hoursLeft = (new Date(deadline).getTime() - Date.now()) / 3_600_000;
-
-    if (hoursLeft <= 0) {
-        return 'font-medium text-destructive';
-    }
-
-    if (hoursLeft <= 24) {
-        return 'text-destructive';
-    }
-
-    if (hoursLeft <= 72) {
-        return 'text-amber-600 dark:text-amber-500';
-    }
-
-    return 'text-muted-foreground';
-}
-
 function groupCourseClassesByDepartment(
     options: CourseClassOption[],
 ): CourseClassGroup[] {
@@ -209,7 +161,6 @@ function CourseClassField({
 export default function AssignmentIndex({
     assignments,
     courseClasses,
-    academicTerms,
     highlight,
     filters,
 }: Props) {
@@ -217,6 +168,7 @@ export default function AssignmentIndex({
     const [editing, setEditing] = useState<Assignment | null>(null);
     const [deleting, setDeleting] = useState<Assignment | null>(null);
     const [submitting, setSubmitting] = useState<Assignment | null>(null);
+    const [view, setView] = useState<ViewMode>('table');
     const { hasPermission } = usePermissions();
     const canCreate = hasPermission('create-assignments');
     const canUpdate = hasPermission('update-assignments');
@@ -224,15 +176,7 @@ export default function AssignmentIndex({
     const canViewSubmissions = hasPermission('view-assignment-submissions');
     const canSubmit = hasPermission('submit-assignments');
 
-    const filterFields: FilterField[] = [
+    const filterFields = [
-        {
-            key: 'academic_term_id',
-            label: 'Periode Akademik',
-            options: academicTerms.map((term) => ({
-                value: String(term.id),
-                label: formatAcademicTermLabel(term),
-            })),
-        },
         {
             key: 'course_class_id',
             label: 'Kelas',
@@ -241,7 +185,7 @@ export default function AssignmentIndex({
         },
     ];
 
-    const pagination = {
+    const pagination: PaginationState = {
         current_page: assignments.current_page,
         last_page: assignments.last_page,
         per_page: assignments.per_page,
@@ -255,19 +199,6 @@ export default function AssignmentIndex({
         resetKeys: ['assignments'],
     });
 
-    function handleApplyFilters(newFilters: Record<string, string>) {
-        // Tanpa `academic_term_id` eksplisit, backend akan kembali ke
-        // periode aktif, jadi menghapus filter ini perlu dikirim eksplisit
-        // alih-alih hanya menghilangkan key-nya.
-        const clearedAcademicTerm =
-            Boolean(filters.academic_term_id) && !newFilters.academic_term_id;
-
-        applyFilters({
-            ...newFilters,
-            ...(clearedAcademicTerm ? { academic_term_id: '' } : {}),
-        });
-    }
-
     function handleDelete() {
         if (!deleting) {
             return;
@@ -278,6 +209,37 @@ export default function AssignmentIndex({
         });
     }
 
+    const columns = createAssignmentColumns({
+        handleEdit: (assignment) => setEditing(assignment),
+        handleDeleteClick: (assignment) => setDeleting(assignment),
+        handleSubmitClick: (assignment) => setSubmitting(assignment),
+        canUpdate,
+        canDelete,
+        canSubmit,
+        canViewSubmissions,
+    });
+
+    const renderAssignmentCard = createAssignmentCard({
+        handleEdit: (assignment) => setEditing(assignment),
+        handleDeleteClick: (assignment) => setDeleting(assignment),
+        handleSubmitClick: (assignment) => setSubmitting(assignment),
+        canUpdate,
+        canDelete,
+        canSubmit,
+        canViewSubmissions,
+    });
+
+    const toolbar = (
+        <>
+            <FilterDialog
+                fields={filterFields}
+                activeFilters={filters}
+                onApply={applyFilters}
+            />
+            <ViewToggle value={view} onChange={setView} />
+        </>
+    );
+
     return (
         <>
             <Head title="Tugas" />
@@ -351,256 +313,29 @@ export default function AssignmentIndex({
                     assignment={submitting}
                 />
 
-                <div className="flex items-center gap-2">
+                {view === 'table' ? (
-                    <Input
+                    <DataTable
-                        placeholder="Cari judul tugas..."
+                        columns={columns}
-                        value={search}
+                        data={assignments.data}
-                        onChange={(event) =>
+                        searchKey="title"
-                            handleSearchChange(event.target.value)
+                        pagination={pagination}
-                        }
+                        onSearchChange={handleSearchChange}
-                        className="max-w-sm"
+                        searchValue={search}
+                        infiniteScroll={{ propName: 'assignments' }}
+                        toolbar={toolbar}
                     />
-                    <FilterDialog
-                        fields={filterFields}
-                        activeFilters={filters}
-                        onApply={handleApplyFilters}
-                    />
-                </div>
-
-                {assignments.data.length === 0 ? (
-                    <p className="rounded-md border border-dashed p-6 text-center text-sm text-muted-foreground">
-                        Belum ada tugas.
-                    </p>
                 ) : (
-                    <InfiniteScroll
+                    <DataCards
-                        data="assignments"
+                        data={assignments.data}
-                        as="div"
+                        renderCard={renderAssignmentCard}
-                        buffer={300}
+                        getRowId={(assignment) => assignment.id}
-                        className="grid grid-cols-1 gap-4 sm:grid-cols-2 xl:grid-cols-3"
+                        searchKey="title"
-                        loading={() => (
+                        pagination={pagination}
-                            <p className="col-span-full py-4 text-center text-sm text-muted-foreground">
+                        onSearchChange={handleSearchChange}
-                                Memuat tugas...
+                        searchValue={search}
-                            </p>
+                        infiniteScroll={{ propName: 'assignments' }}
-                        )}
+                        toolbar={toolbar}
-                    >
-                        {assignments.data.map((assignment) => {
-                            const mySubmission = assignment.submissions?.[0];
-
-                            return (
-                                <Card
-                                    key={assignment.id}
-                                    className={
-                                        highlight === assignment.id
-                                            ? 'ring-2 ring-primary'
-                                            : undefined
-                                    }
-                                >
-                                    <CardHeader className="flex flex-row items-start justify-between gap-2">
-                                        <div className="flex flex-col gap-1">
-                                            <CardTitle className="text-base leading-tight">
-                                                {assignment.title}
-                                            </CardTitle>
-                                            {assignment.course_class && (
-                                                <span className="text-xs text-muted-foreground">
-                                                    {assignment.course_class
-                                                        .course?.code ??
-                                                        ''}{' '}
-                                                    {assignment.course_class
-                                                        .course?.name ?? ''}
-                                                </span>
-                                            )}
-                                        </div>
-                                        <RowActions
-                                            wrapperClassName="-mt-1 -mr-2 flex items-center gap-1"
-                                            actions={[
-                                                {
-                                                    label:
-                                                        mySubmission?.status ===
-                                                        'submitted'
-                                                            ? 'Kumpulkan Ulang'
-                                                            : 'Kumpulkan Tugas',
-                                                    icon: (
-                                                        <Upload className="h-3.5 w-3.5" />
-                                                    ),
-                                                    show:
-                                                        canSubmit &&
-                                                        assignment.status ===
-                                                            'open',
-                                                    onClick: () =>
-                                                        setSubmitting(
-                                                            assignment,
-                                                        ),
-                                                },
-                                                {
-                                                    label: 'Pengumpulan',
-                                                    icon: (
-                                                        <ClipboardList className="h-3.5 w-3.5" />
-                                                    ),
-                                                    show: canViewSubmissions,
-                                                    href: submissionsIndex.url(
-                                                        assignment.id,
-                                                    ),
-                                                },
-                                                {
-                                                    label: 'Edit',
-                                                    icon: (
-                                                        <Pencil className="h-3.5 w-3.5" />
-                                                    ),
-                                                    show: canUpdate,
-                                                    onClick: () =>
-                                                        setEditing(assignment),
-                                                },
-                                                {
-                                                    label: 'Hapus',
-                                                    icon: (
-                                                        <Trash2 className="h-3.5 w-3.5 text-destructive" />
-                                                    ),
-                                                    show: canDelete,
-                                                    onClick: () =>
-                                                        setDeleting(assignment),
-                                                },
-                                            ]}
                     />
-                                    </CardHeader>
-                                    <CardContent className="flex flex-col gap-2 text-xs text-muted-foreground">
-                                        <div className="flex flex-wrap items-center gap-1.5">
-                                            <Badge
-                                                variant={
-                                                    assignment.status === 'open'
-                                                        ? 'secondary'
-                                                        : 'destructive'
-                                                }
-                                                className="w-fit text-[10px] font-normal"
-                                            >
-                                                {
-                                                    AssignmentStatusLabels[
-                                                        assignment.status
-                                                    ]
-                                                }
-                                            </Badge>
-                                            {assignment.course_class
-                                                ?.academic_term && (
-                                                <Badge
-                                                    variant="outline"
-                                                    className="w-fit text-[10px] font-normal"
-                                                >
-                                                    {formatAcademicTermLabel(
-                                                        assignment.course_class
-                                                            .academic_term,
-                                                    )}
-                                                </Badge>
-                                            )}
-                                        </div>
-                                        <span
-                                            className={`inline-flex items-center gap-1.5 ${deadlineTextClass(assignment.deadline)}`}
-                                        >
-                                            <Clock className="h-3.5 w-3.5 shrink-0" />
-                                            {format(
-                                                new Date(assignment.deadline),
-                                                'd MMM yyyy, HH:mm',
-                                            )}
-                                        </span>
-                                        {assignment.attachment_url &&
-                                        assignment.attachment_name ? (
-                                            <div className="flex items-center gap-1.5">
-                                                <Paperclip className="h-3.5 w-3.5 shrink-0" />
-                                                <AttachmentPreviewDialog
-                                                    fileUrl={
-                                                        assignment.attachment_url
-                                                    }
-                                                    fileName={
-                                                        assignment.attachment_name
-                                                    }
-                                                />
-                                            </div>
-                                        ) : null}
-                                        <div className="flex flex-wrap items-center gap-1.5 pt-1">
-                                            {canSubmit ? (
-                                                <Badge
-                                                    variant={
-                                                        mySubmission?.status ===
-                                                        'submitted'
-                                                            ? 'default'
-                                                            : 'secondary'
-                                                    }
-                                                >
-                                                    {mySubmission?.status ===
-                                                    'submitted'
-                                                        ? 'Sudah Mengumpulkan'
-                                                        : 'Belum Mengumpulkan'}
-                                                </Badge>
-                                            ) : (
-                                                <>
-                                                    <Badge variant="secondary">
-                                                        {assignment.submissions_count.toLocaleString(
-                                                            'id-ID',
-                                                        )}{' '}
-                                                        /{' '}
-                                                        {(
-                                                            assignment
-                                                                .course_class
-                                                                ?.enrollments_count ??
-                                                            0
-                                                        ).toLocaleString(
-                                                            'id-ID',
-                                                        )}{' '}
-                                                        Pengumpulan (
-                                                        {percentageOf(
-                                                            assignment.submissions_count,
-                                                            assignment
-                                                                .course_class
-                                                                ?.enrollments_count ??
-                                                                0,
-                                                        )}
-                                                        %)
-                                                    </Badge>
-                                                    <Badge variant="outline">
-                                                        {assignment.graded_submissions_count.toLocaleString(
-                                                            'id-ID',
-                                                        )}{' '}
-                                                        /{' '}
-                                                        {assignment.submissions_count.toLocaleString(
-                                                            'id-ID',
-                                                        )}{' '}
-                                                        Dinilai (
-                                                        {percentageOf(
-                                                            assignment.graded_submissions_count,
-                                                            assignment.submissions_count,
-                                                        )}
-                                                        %)
-                                                    </Badge>
-                                                </>
-                                            )}
-                                        </div>
-
-                                        {assignment.description && (
-                                            <Accordion
-                                                type="single"
-                                                collapsible
-                                                className="-mx-6 -mb-6 border-t"
-                                            >
-                                                <AccordionItem
-                                                    value="description"
-                                                    className="border-b-0"
-                                                >
-                                                    <AccordionTrigger className="px-6 text-xs font-medium text-foreground hover:no-underline">
-                                                        Deskripsi
-                                                    </AccordionTrigger>
-                                                    <AccordionContent className="px-6">
-                                                        <p className="text-sm whitespace-pre-line text-foreground">
-                                                            {
-                                                                assignment.description
-                                                            }
-                                                        </p>
-                                                    </AccordionContent>
-                                                </AccordionItem>
-                                            </Accordion>
-                                        )}
-                                    </CardContent>
-                                </Card>
-                            );
-                        })}
-                    </InfiniteScroll>
                 )}
 
                 <DeleteConfirmDialog

resources/js/pages/admin/academic-classes/assignments/submissions.tsx

@@ -94,15 +94,17 @@ export default function SubmissionIndex({ assignment, submissions }: Props) {
 
     const columns: ColumnDef<Submission>[] = [
         {
-            accessorKey: 'student.student_number',
+            id: 'identity',
             header: () => <span>NIM</span>,
-            cell: ({ row }) => row.original.student?.student_number ?? '-',
+            cell: ({ row }) => (
-        },
+                <div className="flex flex-col">
-        {
+                    <span>{row.original.student?.student_number ?? '-'}</span>
-            accessorKey: 'student.user.profile.full_name',
+                    <span className="text-sm text-muted-foreground">
-            header: () => <span>Nama Mahasiswa</span>,
+                        {row.original.student?.user?.profile?.full_name ??
-            cell: ({ row }) =>
+                            '-'}
-                row.original.student?.user?.profile?.full_name ?? '-',
+                    </span>
+                </div>
+            ),
         },
         {
             accessorKey: 'status',

resources/js/pages/admin/academic-classes/assignments/utils.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+export function percentageOf(part: number, total: number): number {
+    return total > 0 ? Math.round((part / total) * 100) : 0;
+}
+
+/** Turns red as the deadline passes, amber once it's within 3 days. */
+export function deadlineTextClass(deadline: string): string {
+    const hoursLeft = (new Date(deadline).getTime() - Date.now()) / 3_600_000;
+
+    if (hoursLeft <= 0) {
+        return 'font-medium text-destructive';
+    }
+
+    if (hoursLeft <= 24) {
+        return 'text-destructive';
+    }
+
+    if (hoursLeft <= 72) {
+        return 'text-amber-600 dark:text-amber-500';
+    }
+
+    return 'text-muted-foreground';
+}

resources/js/pages/admin/academic-classes/attendances/mine.tsx

@@ -1,150 +0,0 @@
-import { Head } from '@inertiajs/react';
-import { format } from 'date-fns';
-import { PageHeader } from '@/components/page-header';
-import {
-    Accordion,
-    AccordionContent,
-    AccordionItem,
-    AccordionTrigger,
-} from '@/components/ui/accordion';
-import { Badge } from '@/components/ui/badge';
-import { Card, CardContent, CardHeader, CardTitle } from '@/components/ui/card';
-import { formatAcademicTermLabel } from '@/types/academic-term';
-import type { AttendanceClassSummary } from '@/types/attendance';
-import { AttendanceStatusLabels } from '@/types/attendance';
-
-type Props = {
-    summaries: AttendanceClassSummary[];
-};
-
-function courseClassLabel(
-    courseClass: AttendanceClassSummary['course_class'],
-): string {
-    return `${courseClass.course?.code ?? ''} ${courseClass.course?.name ?? ''}`;
-}
-
-function percentageOf(part: number, total: number): number {
-    return total > 0 ? Math.round((part / total) * 100) : 0;
-}
-
-export default function MyAttendance({ summaries }: Props) {
-    return (
-        <>
-            <Head title="Riwayat Kehadiran" />
-
-            <div className="flex h-full flex-1 flex-col gap-6 p-4 md:p-6">
-                <PageHeader title="Riwayat Kehadiran" />
-
-                {summaries.length === 0 ? (
-                    <p className="rounded-md border border-dashed p-6 text-center text-sm text-muted-foreground">
-                        Belum ada kelas yang terdaftar.
-                    </p>
-                ) : (
-                    <div className="grid grid-cols-1 gap-4 sm:grid-cols-2 xl:grid-cols-3">
-                        {summaries.map((summary) => (
-                            <Card key={summary.course_class.id}>
-                                <CardHeader>
-                                    <CardTitle className="text-base leading-tight">
-                                        {courseClassLabel(summary.course_class)}
-                                    </CardTitle>
-                                </CardHeader>
-                                <CardContent className="flex flex-col gap-2">
-                                    <div className="flex flex-wrap items-center gap-1.5">
-                                        <Badge
-                                            variant={
-                                                percentageOf(
-                                                    summary.present_count,
-                                                    summary.total_count,
-                                                ) >= 75
-                                                    ? 'secondary'
-                                                    : 'destructive'
-                                            }
-                                            className="w-fit text-[10px] font-normal"
-                                        >
-                                            Hadir {summary.present_count} /{' '}
-                                            {summary.total_count} (
-                                            {percentageOf(
-                                                summary.present_count,
-                                                summary.total_count,
-                                            )}
-                                            %)
-                                        </Badge>
-                                        {summary.course_class.academic_term && (
-                                            <Badge
-                                                variant="outline"
-                                                className="w-fit text-[10px] font-normal"
-                                            >
-                                                {formatAcademicTermLabel(
-                                                    summary.course_class
-                                                        .academic_term,
-                                                )}
-                                            </Badge>
-                                        )}
-                                    </div>
-
-                                    {summary.records.length > 0 && (
-                                        <Accordion
-                                            type="single"
-                                            collapsible
-                                            className="-mx-6 -mb-6 border-t"
-                                        >
-                                            <AccordionItem
-                                                value="records"
-                                                className="border-b-0"
-                                            >
-                                                <AccordionTrigger className="px-6 text-xs font-medium text-foreground hover:no-underline">
-                                                    Detail Pertemuan
-                                                </AccordionTrigger>
-                                                <AccordionContent className="px-6">
-                                                    <div className="flex flex-col divide-y">
-                                                        {summary.records.map(
-                                                            (record) => (
-                                                                <div
-                                                                    key={`${record.course_class_id}-${record.meeting_number}`}
-                                                                    className="flex items-center justify-between gap-2 py-2 text-sm"
-                                                                >
-                                                                    <span className="text-muted-foreground">
-                                                                        Pertemuan
-                                                                        ke-
-                                                                        {record.meeting_number ??
-                                                                            '-'}{' '}
-                                                                        &middot;{' '}
-                                                                        {format(
-                                                                            new Date(
-                                                                                record.date,
-                                                                            ),
-                                                                            'd MMM yyyy',
-                                                                        )}
-                                                                    </span>
-                                                                    <Badge
-                                                                        variant={
-                                                                            record.status ===
-                                                                            'present'
-                                                                                ? 'default'
-                                                                                : 'secondary'
-                                                                        }
-                                                                    >
-                                                                        {
-                                                                            AttendanceStatusLabels[
-                                                                                record
-                                                                                    .status
-                                                                            ]
-                                                                        }
-                                                                    </Badge>
-                                                                </div>
-                                                            ),
-                                                        )}
-                                                    </div>
-                                                </AccordionContent>
-                                            </AccordionItem>
-                                        </Accordion>
-                                    )}
-                                </CardContent>
-                            </Card>
-                        ))}
-                    </div>
-                )}
-            </div>
-        </>
-    );
-}

resources/js/pages/admin/academic-classes/materials/card.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+import { format } from 'date-fns';
+import {
+    BookOpen,
+    CalendarDays,
+    FileIcon,
+    FileX,
+    Pencil,
+    Trash2,
+    User,
+} from 'lucide-react';
+import { AttachmentPreviewDialog } from '@/components/attachment-preview-dialog';
+import { RowActions } from '@/components/row-actions';
+import {
+    Attachment,
+    AttachmentActions,
+    AttachmentContent,
+    AttachmentDescription,
+    AttachmentMedia,
+    AttachmentTitle,
+} from '@/components/ui/attachment';
+import { Badge } from '@/components/ui/badge';
+import type { Material } from '@/types/material';
+
+type CreateCardParams = {
+    handleEdit: (material: Material) => void;
+    handleDeleteClick: (material: Material) => void;
+    canUpdate: boolean;
+    canDelete: boolean;
+};
+
+export function createMaterialCard(params: CreateCardParams) {
+    const { handleEdit, handleDeleteClick, canUpdate, canDelete } = params;
+
+    return function MaterialCard(material: Material) {
+        const courseClass = material.course_class;
+        const lecturerName =
+            courseClass?.lecturer?.user?.profile?.full_name ?? null;
+
+        return (
+            <div className="flex flex-col gap-4">
+                <div className="flex items-start justify-between gap-2">
+                    <div className="flex items-start gap-3">
+                        <div className="flex h-10 w-10 shrink-0 items-center justify-center rounded-lg bg-primary/10 text-primary">
+                            <BookOpen className="h-5 w-5" />
+                        </div>
+                        <div className="min-w-0">
+                            <p className="font-medium break-words">
+                                {material.title}
+                            </p>
+                            <p className="mt-0.5 truncate text-xs text-muted-foreground">
+                                {courseClass
+                                    ? `${courseClass.course?.code ?? ''} · ${courseClass.course?.name ?? ''}`
+                                    : '-'}
+                            </p>
+                            {lecturerName && (
+                                <p className="mt-1 flex items-center gap-1 truncate text-xs text-muted-foreground">
+                                    <User className="h-3 w-3 shrink-0" />
+                                    {lecturerName}
+                                </p>
+                            )}
+                        </div>
+                    </div>
+                    <RowActions
+                        actions={[
+                            {
+                                label: 'Edit',
+                                icon: <Pencil className="h-4 w-4" />,
+                                show: canUpdate,
+                                onClick: () => handleEdit(material),
+                            },
+                            {
+                                label: 'Hapus',
+                                icon: (
+                                    <Trash2 className="h-4 w-4 text-destructive" />
+                                ),
+                                show: canDelete,
+                                onClick: () => handleDeleteClick(material),
+                            },
+                        ]}
+                    />
+                </div>
+
+                {material.description && (
+                    <p className="line-clamp-2 text-sm text-muted-foreground">
+                        {material.description}
+                    </p>
+                )}
+
+                {material.file_url && material.file_name ? (
+                    <Attachment size="sm" className="w-full">
+                        <AttachmentMedia>
+                            <FileIcon />
+                        </AttachmentMedia>
+                        <AttachmentContent>
+                            <AttachmentTitle>
+                                {material.file_name}
+                            </AttachmentTitle>
+                            <AttachmentDescription>
+                                Lampiran materi
+                            </AttachmentDescription>
+                        </AttachmentContent>
+                        <AttachmentActions>
+                            <AttachmentPreviewDialog
+                                fileUrl={material.file_url}
+                                fileName={material.file_name}
+                                variant="icon"
+                            />
+                        </AttachmentActions>
+                    </Attachment>
+                ) : (
+                    <div className="flex items-center gap-2 rounded-xl border border-dashed px-2.5 py-2 text-xs text-muted-foreground">
+                        <FileX className="h-4 w-4 shrink-0" />
+                        Tidak ada file dilampirkan
+                    </div>
+                )}
+
+                <div className="flex flex-wrap items-center justify-between gap-2 border-t pt-3">
+                    {material.meeting_number ? (
+                        <Badge variant="secondary">
+                            Pertemuan {material.meeting_number}
+                        </Badge>
+                    ) : (
+                        <span />
+                    )}
+                    <div className="flex items-center gap-1 text-xs text-muted-foreground">
+                        <CalendarDays className="h-3.5 w-3.5" />
+                        {format(new Date(material.created_at), 'd MMM yyyy')}
+                    </div>
+                </div>
+            </div>
+        );
+    };
+}

resources/js/pages/admin/academic-classes/materials/columns.tsx

@@ -61,41 +61,30 @@ export function createMaterialColumns(
                     return '-';
                 }
 
-                return `${courseClass.course?.code ?? ''} ${courseClass.course?.name ?? ''}`;
+                return `${courseClass.course?.code ?? ''} · ${courseClass.course?.name ?? ''}`;
-            },
-        },
-        {
-            accessorKey: 'file_name',
-            header: () => <span>File</span>,
-            cell: ({ row }) => {
-                const material = row.original;
-
-                if (!material.file_url || !material.file_name) {
-                    return <span className="text-muted-foreground">-</span>;
-                }
-
-                return (
-                    <AttachmentPreviewDialog
-                        fileUrl={material.file_url}
-                        fileName={material.file_name}
-                    />
-                );
             },
         },
     ];
 
-    if (canUpdate || canDelete) {
     columns.push({
         id: 'actions',
         header: () => <span className="block text-center">Aksi</span>,
         meta: {
-                className: 'w-[100px] text-center',
+            className: 'w-[130px] text-center',
-                headerClassName: 'w-[100px] text-center',
+            headerClassName: 'w-[130px] text-center',
         },
         cell: ({ row }) => {
             const material = row.original;
 
             return (
+                <div className="flex items-center justify-center">
+                    {material.file_url && material.file_name && (
+                        <AttachmentPreviewDialog
+                            fileUrl={material.file_url}
+                            fileName={material.file_name}
+                            variant="icon"
+                        />
+                    )}
                     <RowActions
                         actions={[
                             {
@@ -114,10 +103,10 @@ export function createMaterialColumns(
                             },
                         ]}
                     />
+                </div>
             );
         },
     });
-    }
 
     return columns;
 }