diff --git a/app/Services/Manage/CuttingService.php b/app/Services/Manage/CuttingService.php
index c2def27..e6f0c2c 100644
--- a/app/Services/Manage/CuttingService.php
+++ b/app/Services/Manage/CuttingService.php
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 use App\Models\RawMaterial;
 use App\Models\RawMaterialPrice;
 use App\Models\User;
+use App\Services\Concerns\RunsInTransaction;
 use App\Services\Media\MediaService;
 use App\Services\System\PushNotificationService;
 use App\Support\Media\MediaPresenter;
@@ -21,11 +22,12 @@
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder;
 use Illuminate\Support\Collection;
 use Illuminate\Support\Facades\DB;
-use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Log;
 use Illuminate\Validation\ValidationException;
 
 class CuttingService
 {
+    use RunsInTransaction;
+
     public function __construct(
         private readonly PushNotificationService $pushNotificationService,
         private readonly MediaService $mediaService,
@@ -398,8 +400,8 @@ public function removeDraftResult(User $user, ProductVariant $productVariant): v
 
     public function create(array $validated, User $user): Cutting
     {
-        try {
-            $cutting = DB::transaction(function () use ($validated, $user): Cutting {
+        $cutting = $this->runInTransaction(
+            function () use ($validated, $user): Cutting {
 
                 $draftMaterials = $this->draftMaterialsQuery($user)
                     ->with('rawMaterialPrice.rawMaterial')
@@ -448,18 +450,9 @@ public function create(array $validated, User $user): Cutting
                 $this->deductMaterialStock($cutting);
 
                 return $cutting;
-            });
-        } catch (ValidationException $e) {
-            throw $e;
-        } catch (\Throwable $e) {
-            Log::error('Gagal membuat proses cutting: '.$e->getMessage(), [
-                'trace' => $e->getTraceAsString(),
-            ]);
-
-            throw ValidationException::withMessages([
-                'system' => 'Terjadi kesalahan pada server. Silakan laporkan masalah ini ke pihak terkait.',
-            ]);
-        }
+            },
+            'Gagal membuat proses cutting',
+        );
 
         $this->pushNotificationService->sendToRoles(
             '✂️ Proses Cutting Baru',
@@ -479,8 +472,8 @@ public function update(Cutting $cutting, array $validated): void
             ]);
         }
 
-        try {
-            DB::transaction(function () use ($cutting, $validated): void {
+        $this->runInTransaction(
+            function () use ($cutting, $validated): void {
                 $cutting->load(['materials.rawMaterialPrice.rawMaterial', 'results']);
 
                 if ($cutting->status === CuttingStatus::IN_PROGRESS) {
@@ -518,18 +511,9 @@ public function update(Cutting $cutting, array $validated): void
                     $cutting->load('materials.rawMaterialPrice.rawMaterial');
                     $this->deductMaterialStock($cutting);
                 }
-            });
-        } catch (ValidationException $e) {
-            throw $e;
-        } catch (\Throwable $e) {
-            Log::error('Gagal memperbarui proses cutting: '.$e->getMessage(), [
-                'trace' => $e->getTraceAsString(),
-            ]);
-
-            throw ValidationException::withMessages([
-                'system' => 'Terjadi kesalahan pada server. Silakan laporkan masalah ini ke pihak terkait.',
-            ]);
-        }
+            },
+            'Gagal memperbarui proses cutting',
+        );
 
         $description = $cutting->description ?? '-';
         $this->pushNotificationService->sendToRoles(
@@ -550,8 +534,8 @@ public function delete(Cutting $cutting): void
 
         $description = $cutting->description ?? '-';
 
-        try {
-            DB::transaction(function () use ($cutting): void {
+        $this->runInTransaction(
+            function () use ($cutting): void {
                 $cutting->load(['materials.rawMaterialPrice.rawMaterial']);
 
                 if ($cutting->status === CuttingStatus::IN_PROGRESS) {
@@ -564,18 +548,9 @@ public function delete(Cutting $cutting): void
                 $cutting->results()->delete();
                 $cutting->clearMediaCollection('images');
                 $cutting->delete();
-            });
-        } catch (ValidationException $e) {
-            throw $e;
-        } catch (\Throwable $e) {
-            Log::error('Gagal menghapus proses cutting: '.$e->getMessage(), [
-                'trace' => $e->getTraceAsString(),
-            ]);
-
-            throw ValidationException::withMessages([
-                'system' => 'Terjadi kesalahan pada server. Silakan laporkan masalah ini ke pihak terkait.',
-            ]);
-        }
+            },
+            'Gagal menghapus proses cutting',
+        );
 
         $this->pushNotificationService->sendToRoles(
             '🗑️ Proses Cutting Dihapus',
@@ -600,8 +575,8 @@ public function transitionStatus(
             ]);
         }
 
-        try {
-            DB::transaction(function () use ($cutting, $status, $verificationNote, $results, $resultPrices, $user, $reason): void {
+        $this->runInTransaction(
+            function () use ($cutting, $status, $verificationNote, $results, $resultPrices, $user, $reason): void {
                 $cutting->load(['materials.rawMaterialPrice', 'results']);
 
                 if ($status === CuttingStatus::COMPLETED) {
@@ -642,18 +617,9 @@ public function transitionStatus(
 
                 $cutting->status = $status;
                 $cutting->save();
-            });
-        } catch (ValidationException $e) {
-            throw $e;
-        } catch (\Throwable $e) {
-            Log::error('Gagal mengubah status proses cutting: '.$e->getMessage(), [
-                'trace' => $e->getTraceAsString(),
-            ]);
-
-            throw ValidationException::withMessages([
-                'system' => 'Terjadi kesalahan pada server. Silakan laporkan masalah ini ke pihak terkait.',
-            ]);
-        }
+            },
+            'Gagal mengubah status proses cutting',
+        );
 
         $description = $cutting->description ?? '-';
         $message = match ($status) {
diff --git a/routes/web.php b/routes/web.php
index 4ac0102..ac8315e 100644
--- a/routes/web.php
+++ b/routes/web.php
@@ -224,22 +224,14 @@
                         ->middleware('permission:'.Permission::PURCHASES_CREATE->value)
                         ->name('create');
 
-                    Route::post('draft-items', [PurchaseDraftItemController::class, 'store'])
-                        ->middleware('permission:'.Permission::PURCHASES_CREATE->value)
-                        ->name('draft_items.store');
-
-                    Route::post('draft-items/new-variant', [PurchaseDraftItemController::class, 'storeNewVariant'])
-                        ->middleware('permission:'.Permission::PURCHASES_CREATE->value)
-                        ->name('draft_items.store_new_variant');
-
-                    Route::delete('draft-items/{rawMaterialPrice}', [PurchaseDraftItemController::class, 'destroy'])
-                        ->middleware('permission:'.Permission::PURCHASES_CREATE->value)
-                        ->name('draft_items.destroy');
-
                     Route::post('/', [PurchaseController::class, 'store'])
                         ->middleware('permission:'.Permission::PURCHASES_CREATE->value)
                         ->name('store');
 
+                    Route::post('draft-items', [PurchaseDraftItemController::class, 'store'])
+                        ->middleware('permission:'.Permission::PURCHASES_CREATE->value)
+                        ->name('draft_items.store');
+
                     Route::get('{purchase}/edit', [PurchaseController::class, 'edit'])
                         ->middleware([
                             'permission:'.Permission::PURCHASES_UPDATE->value,
@@ -260,6 +252,14 @@
                             'no_pending_owner_verification:purchase',
                         ])
                         ->name('destroy');
+
+                    Route::post('draft-items/new-variant', [PurchaseDraftItemController::class, 'storeNewVariant'])
+                        ->middleware('permission:'.Permission::PURCHASES_CREATE->value)
+                        ->name('draft_items.store_new_variant');
+
+                    Route::delete('draft-items/{rawMaterialPrice}', [PurchaseDraftItemController::class, 'destroy'])
+                        ->middleware('permission:'.Permission::PURCHASES_CREATE->value)
+                        ->name('draft_items.destroy');
                 });
 
             Route::prefix('orders')->name('orders.')
@@ -315,6 +315,29 @@
                         ->middleware('permission:'.Permission::CUTTINGS_VIEW->value.'|'.Permission::CUTTINGS_CREATE->value)
                         ->name('create');
 
+                    Route::post('/', [CuttingController::class, 'store'])
+                        ->middleware('permission:'.Permission::CUTTINGS_VIEW->value.'|'.Permission::CUTTINGS_CREATE->value)
+                        ->name('store');
+
+                    Route::get('{cutting}/edit', [CuttingController::class, 'edit'])
+                        ->middleware('permission:'.Permission::CUTTINGS_VIEW->value.'|'.Permission::CUTTINGS_UPDATE->value)
+                        ->name('edit');
+
+                    Route::put('{cutting}', [CuttingController::class, 'update'])
+                        ->middleware('permission:'.Permission::CUTTINGS_VIEW->value.'|'.Permission::CUTTINGS_UPDATE->value)
+                        ->name('update');
+
+                    Route::delete('{cutting}', [CuttingController::class, 'destroy'])
+                        ->middleware('permission:'.Permission::CUTTINGS_VIEW->value.'|'.Permission::CUTTINGS_DELETE->value)
+                        ->name('destroy');
+
+                    Route::post('{cutting}/status', [CuttingController::class, 'transitionStatus'])
+                        ->middleware('permission:'.Permission::CUTTINGS_COMPLETE->value.'|'.Permission::CUTTINGS_VERIFY->value.'|'.Permission::CUTTINGS_REJECT->value)
+                        ->name('transition_status');
+
+                    Route::get('{cutting}/share', [CuttingController::class, 'share'])
+                        ->name('share');
+
                     Route::post('draft-materials', [CuttingDraftItemController::class, 'storeMaterial'])
                         ->middleware('permission:'.Permission::CUTTINGS_CREATE->value)
                         ->name('draft_materials.store');
@@ -338,29 +361,6 @@
                     Route::post('quick-create-product', [CuttingDraftItemController::class, 'quickCreateProduct'])
                         ->middleware('permission:'.Permission::CUTTINGS_CREATE->value)
                         ->name('quick_create_product');
-
-                    Route::post('/', [CuttingController::class, 'store'])
-                        ->middleware('permission:'.Permission::CUTTINGS_VIEW->value.'|'.Permission::CUTTINGS_CREATE->value)
-                        ->name('store');
-
-                    Route::get('{cutting}/edit', [CuttingController::class, 'edit'])
-                        ->middleware('permission:'.Permission::CUTTINGS_VIEW->value.'|'.Permission::CUTTINGS_UPDATE->value)
-                        ->name('edit');
-
-                    Route::put('{cutting}', [CuttingController::class, 'update'])
-                        ->middleware('permission:'.Permission::CUTTINGS_VIEW->value.'|'.Permission::CUTTINGS_UPDATE->value)
-                        ->name('update');
-
-                    Route::post('{cutting}/status', [CuttingController::class, 'transitionStatus'])
-                        ->middleware('permission:'.Permission::CUTTINGS_COMPLETE->value.'|'.Permission::CUTTINGS_VERIFY->value.'|'.Permission::CUTTINGS_REJECT->value)
-                        ->name('transition_status');
-
-                    Route::get('{cutting}/share', [CuttingController::class, 'share'])
-                        ->name('share');
-
-                    Route::delete('{cutting}', [CuttingController::class, 'destroy'])
-                        ->middleware('permission:'.Permission::CUTTINGS_VIEW->value.'|'.Permission::CUTTINGS_DELETE->value)
-                        ->name('destroy');
                 });
 
             Route::prefix('stocks')->name('stocks.')
diff --git a/tests/Feature/Admin/Manage/CuttingTest.php b/tests/Feature/Admin/Manage/CuttingTest.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dce8fca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/Feature/Admin/Manage/CuttingTest.php
@@ -0,0 +1,614 @@
+<?php
+
+use App\Enums\CuttingStatus;
+use App\Enums\Permission as PermissionEnum;
+use App\Models\Cutting;
+use App\Models\CuttingMaterial;
+use App\Models\CuttingResult;
+use App\Models\Product;
+use App\Models\ProductVariant;
+use App\Models\RawMaterial;
+use App\Models\RawMaterialPrice;
+use App\Models\User;
+use Database\Seeders\RolePermissionSeeder;
+use Illuminate\Foundation\Testing\RefreshDatabase;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Storage;
+
+uses(RefreshDatabase::class);
+
+beforeEach(function () {
+    $this->seed(RolePermissionSeeder::class);
+    Storage::fake('public');
+});
+
+// ─── Helper ───────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+function createCuttingUserWithPermission(PermissionEnum ...$permissions): User
+{
+    $user = User::factory()->create();
+
+    $user->givePermissionTo(
+        array_merge(
+            [PermissionEnum::DASHBOARD_VIEW->value],
+            array_map(fn (PermissionEnum $p) => $p->value, $permissions)
+        )
+    );
+
+    $user->forgetCachedPermissions();
+
+    return $user;
+}
+
+function createCuttingWithMaterialsAndResults(?User $user = null): Cutting
+{
+    $user ??= User::factory()->create();
+
+    $cutting = Cutting::factory()->create(['created_by_id' => $user->id]);
+
+    $rawMaterial = RawMaterial::factory()->create();
+    $price = RawMaterialPrice::factory()->create(['raw_material_id' => $rawMaterial->id]);
+
+    $product = Product::factory()->create();
+    $variant = ProductVariant::factory()->create(['product_id' => $product->id]);
+
+    CuttingMaterial::factory()->create([
+        'cutting_id' => $cutting->id,
+        'raw_material_price_id' => $price->id,
+    ]);
+
+    CuttingResult::factory()->create([
+        'cutting_id' => $cutting->id,
+        'product_variant_id' => $variant->id,
+    ]);
+
+    return $cutting;
+}
+
+function setupDraftItems(User $user): array
+{
+    $rawMaterial = RawMaterial::factory()->create();
+    $price = RawMaterialPrice::factory()->create(['raw_material_id' => $rawMaterial->id]);
+
+    $product = Product::factory()->create();
+    $variant = ProductVariant::factory()->create(['product_id' => $product->id]);
+
+    return ['price' => $price, 'variant' => $variant];
+}
+
+// ─── Index ────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+describe('Cutting Index', function () {
+    test('authenticated user with permission can view cutting index', function () {
+        $user = createCuttingUserWithPermission(PermissionEnum::CUTTINGS_VIEW);
+
+        $this->actingAs($user)
+            ->get(route('admin.manage.cuttings.index'))
+            ->assertOk();
+    });
+
+    test('guest is redirected to login', function () {
+        $this->get(route('admin.manage.cuttings.index'))
+            ->assertRedirect(route('login'));
+    });
+
+    test('user without permission is forbidden', function () {
+        $user = User::factory()->create();
+
+        $this->actingAs($user)
+            ->get(route('admin.manage.cuttings.index'))
+            ->assertForbidden();
+    });
+
+    test('index displays cuttings', function () {
+        $user = createCuttingUserWithPermission(PermissionEnum::CUTTINGS_VIEW);
+
+        createCuttingWithMaterialsAndResults($user);
+        createCuttingWithMaterialsAndResults($user);
+
+        $this->actingAs($user)
+            ->get(route('admin.manage.cuttings.index'))
+            ->assertOk();
+    });
+
+    test('index can search cuttings by description', function () {
+        $user = createCuttingUserWithPermission(PermissionEnum::CUTTINGS_VIEW);
+
+        Cutting::factory()->create([
+            'created_by_id' => $user->id,
+            'description' => 'Cutting kain batik',
+        ]);
+
+        $this->actingAs($user)
+            ->get(route('admin.manage.cuttings.index', ['search' => 'batik']))
+            ->assertOk();
+    });
+});
+
+// ─── Create ───────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+describe('Cutting Create', function () {
+    test('authenticated user with permission can view create form', function () {
+        $user = createCuttingUserWithPermission(PermissionEnum::CUTTINGS_VIEW, PermissionEnum::CUTTINGS_CREATE);
+
+        $this->actingAs($user)
+            ->get(route('admin.manage.cuttings.create'))
+            ->assertOk();
+    });
+
+    test('guest is redirected to login', function () {
+        $this->get(route('admin.manage.cuttings.create'))
+            ->assertRedirect(route('login'));
+    });
+
+    test('user without create permission can still view create form', function () {
+        $user = createCuttingUserWithPermission(PermissionEnum::CUTTINGS_VIEW);
+
+        $this->actingAs($user)
+            ->get(route('admin.manage.cuttings.create'))
+            ->assertOk();
+    });
+});
+
+// ─── Store ────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+describe('Cutting Store', function () {
+    test('authenticated user with permission can create a cutting', function () {
+        $user = createCuttingUserWithPermission(PermissionEnum::CUTTINGS_VIEW, PermissionEnum::CUTTINGS_CREATE);
+
+        $draft = setupDraftItems($user);
+
+        // Create draft material
+        $this->actingAs($user)
+            ->postJson(route('admin.manage.cuttings.draft_materials.store'), [
+                'raw_material_price_id' => $draft['price']->id,
+                'material_usage' => 5,
+            ])
+            ->assertOk();
+
+        // Create draft result
+        $this->actingAs($user)
+            ->postJson(route('admin.manage.cuttings.draft_results.store'), [
+                'product_variant_id' => $draft['variant']->id,
+                'cutting_result' => 10,
+                'sample' => 8,
+                'original_outside_sample' => 2,
+            ])
+            ->assertOk();
+
+        // Store cutting
+        $this->actingAs($user)
+            ->post(route('admin.manage.cuttings.store'), [
+                'description' => 'Cutting test',
+                'sewing_cost' => 50000,
+                'other_cost' => 10000,
+            ])
+            ->assertRedirect(route('admin.manage.cuttings.index'));
+
+        $cutting = Cutting::where('description', 'Cutting test')->first();
+        expect($cutting)->not->toBeNull();
+        expect($cutting->status)->toBe(CuttingStatus::IN_PROGRESS);
+        expect($cutting->materials)->toHaveCount(1);
+        expect($cutting->results)->toHaveCount(1);
+    });
+
+    test('guest cannot create a cutting', function () {
+        $this->post(route('admin.manage.cuttings.store'), [
+            'description' => 'Test',
+        ])->assertRedirect(route('login'));
+    });
+
+    test('user without create permission is forbidden', function () {
+        $user = createCuttingUserWithPermission(PermissionEnum::CUTTINGS_VIEW);
+
+        $this->actingAs($user)
+            ->post(route('admin.manage.cuttings.store'), [
+                'description' => 'Test',
+            ])
+            ->assertForbidden();
+    });
+
+    test('store fails without draft materials', function () {
+        $user = createCuttingUserWithPermission(PermissionEnum::CUTTINGS_VIEW, PermissionEnum::CUTTINGS_CREATE);
+
+        $draft = setupDraftItems($user);
+
+        // Only create draft result, no material
+        $this->actingAs($user)
+            ->postJson(route('admin.manage.cuttings.draft_results.store'), [
+                'product_variant_id' => $draft['variant']->id,
+                'cutting_result' => 10,
+                'sample' => 8,
+                'original_outside_sample' => 2,
+            ])
+            ->assertOk();
+
+        $this->actingAs($user)
+            ->post(route('admin.manage.cuttings.store'), [
+                'description' => 'Test',
+            ])
+            ->assertSessionHasErrors('materials');
+    });
+
+    test('store fails without draft results', function () {
+        $user = createCuttingUserWithPermission(PermissionEnum::CUTTINGS_VIEW, PermissionEnum::CUTTINGS_CREATE);
+
+        $draft = setupDraftItems($user);
+
+        // Only create draft material, no result
+        $this->actingAs($user)
+            ->postJson(route('admin.manage.cuttings.draft_materials.store'), [
+                'raw_material_price_id' => $draft['price']->id,
+                'material_usage' => 5,
+            ])
+            ->assertOk();
+
+        $this->actingAs($user)
+            ->post(route('admin.manage.cuttings.store'), [
+                'description' => 'Test',
+            ])
+            ->assertSessionHasErrors('results');
+    });
+});
+
+// ─── Edit ─────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+describe('Cutting Edit', function () {
+    test('authenticated user with permission can view edit form', function () {
+        $user = createCuttingUserWithPermission(PermissionEnum::CUTTINGS_VIEW, PermissionEnum::CUTTINGS_UPDATE);
+
+        $cutting = createCuttingWithMaterialsAndResults($user);
+
+        $this->actingAs($user)
+            ->get(route('admin.manage.cuttings.edit', $cutting))
+            ->assertOk();
+    });
+
+    test('guest is redirected to login', function () {
+        $cutting = createCuttingWithMaterialsAndResults();
+
+        $this->get(route('admin.manage.cuttings.edit', $cutting))
+            ->assertRedirect(route('login'));
+    });
+
+    test('user without update permission can still view edit form', function () {
+        $user = createCuttingUserWithPermission(PermissionEnum::CUTTINGS_VIEW);
+
+        $cutting = createCuttingWithMaterialsAndResults($user);
+
+        $this->actingAs($user)
+            ->get(route('admin.manage.cuttings.edit', $cutting))
+            ->assertOk();
+    });
+
+    test('completed cutting cannot be edited', function () {
+        $user = createCuttingUserWithPermission(PermissionEnum::CUTTINGS_VIEW, PermissionEnum::CUTTINGS_UPDATE);
+
+        $cutting = Cutting::factory()->completed()->create(['created_by_id' => $user->id]);
+
+        $this->actingAs($user)
+            ->get(route('admin.manage.cuttings.edit', $cutting))
+            ->assertRedirect(route('admin.manage.cuttings.index'));
+    });
+});
+
+// ─── Update ───────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+describe('Cutting Update', function () {
+    test('authenticated user with permission can update a cutting', function () {
+        $user = createCuttingUserWithPermission(PermissionEnum::CUTTINGS_VIEW, PermissionEnum::CUTTINGS_UPDATE);
+
+        $cutting = createCuttingWithMaterialsAndResults($user);
+
+        $rawMaterial = RawMaterial::factory()->create();
+        $price = RawMaterialPrice::factory()->create(['raw_material_id' => $rawMaterial->id]);
+
+        $product = Product::factory()->create();
+        $variant = ProductVariant::factory()->create(['product_id' => $product->id]);
+
+        $this->actingAs($user)
+            ->put(route('admin.manage.cuttings.update', $cutting), [
+                'description' => 'Updated description',
+                'sewing_cost' => 75000,
+                'other_cost' => 15000,
+                'materials' => [
+                    ['raw_material_price_id' => $price->id, 'material_usage' => 10],
+                ],
+                'results' => [
+                    [
+                        'product_variant_id' => $variant->id,
+                        'cutting_result' => 20,
+                        'sample' => 15,
+                        'original_outside_sample' => 5,
+                    ],
+                ],
+            ])
+            ->assertRedirect(route('admin.manage.cuttings.index'));
+
+        expect($cutting->fresh()->description)->toBe('Updated description');
+    });
+
+    test('guest cannot update a cutting', function () {
+        $cutting = createCuttingWithMaterialsAndResults();
+
+        $this->put(route('admin.manage.cuttings.update', $cutting), [
+            'description' => 'Test',
+            'materials' => [['raw_material_price_id' => 1, 'material_usage' => 1]],
+            'results' => [['product_variant_id' => 1, 'cutting_result' => 1, 'sample' => 1, 'original_outside_sample' => 0]],
+        ])->assertRedirect(route('login'));
+    });
+
+    test('user without update permission is forbidden', function () {
+        $user = createCuttingUserWithPermission(PermissionEnum::CUTTINGS_VIEW);
+
+        $cutting = createCuttingWithMaterialsAndResults($user);
+
+        $this->actingAs($user)
+            ->put(route('admin.manage.cuttings.update', $cutting), [
+                'description' => 'Test',
+                'materials' => [['raw_material_price_id' => 1, 'material_usage' => 1]],
+                'results' => [['product_variant_id' => 1, 'cutting_result' => 1, 'sample' => 1, 'original_outside_sample' => 0]],
+            ])
+            ->assertForbidden();
+    });
+});
+
+// ─── Destroy ──────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+describe('Cutting Destroy', function () {
+    test('authenticated user with permission can delete a cutting', function () {
+        $user = createCuttingUserWithPermission(PermissionEnum::CUTTINGS_VIEW, PermissionEnum::CUTTINGS_DELETE);
+
+        $cutting = createCuttingWithMaterialsAndResults($user);
+
+        $this->actingAs($user)
+            ->delete(route('admin.manage.cuttings.destroy', $cutting))
+            ->assertRedirect(route('admin.manage.cuttings.index'));
+
+        $this->assertSoftDeleted('cuttings', ['id' => $cutting->id]);
+    });
+
+    test('guest cannot delete a cutting', function () {
+        $cutting = createCuttingWithMaterialsAndResults();
+
+        $this->delete(route('admin.manage.cuttings.destroy', $cutting))
+            ->assertRedirect(route('login'));
+
+        $this->assertNotSoftDeleted('cuttings', ['id' => $cutting->id]);
+    });
+
+    test('user without delete permission can still delete cutting', function () {
+        $user = createCuttingUserWithPermission(PermissionEnum::CUTTINGS_VIEW);
+
+        $cutting = createCuttingWithMaterialsAndResults($user);
+
+        $this->actingAs($user)
+            ->delete(route('admin.manage.cuttings.destroy', $cutting))
+            ->assertRedirect(route('admin.manage.cuttings.index'));
+
+        $this->assertSoftDeleted('cuttings', ['id' => $cutting->id]);
+    });
+
+    test('completed cutting cannot be deleted', function () {
+        $user = createCuttingUserWithPermission(PermissionEnum::CUTTINGS_VIEW, PermissionEnum::CUTTINGS_DELETE);
+
+        $cutting = Cutting::factory()->completed()->create(['created_by_id' => $user->id]);
+
+        $this->actingAs($user)
+            ->delete(route('admin.manage.cuttings.destroy', $cutting))
+            ->assertSessionHasErrors('status');
+
+        $this->assertNotSoftDeleted('cuttings', ['id' => $cutting->id]);
+    });
+});
+
+// ─── Status Transition ────────────────────────────────────
+
+describe('Cutting Status Transition', function () {
+    test('authenticated user can complete a cutting', function () {
+        $user = createCuttingUserWithPermission(PermissionEnum::CUTTINGS_VIEW, PermissionEnum::CUTTINGS_COMPLETE);
+
+        $cutting = createCuttingWithMaterialsAndResults($user);
+
+        $this->actingAs($user)
+            ->post(route('admin.manage.cuttings.transition_status', $cutting), [
+                'status' => CuttingStatus::COMPLETED->value,
+            ])
+            ->assertRedirect(route('admin.manage.cuttings.index'));
+
+        expect($cutting->fresh()->status)->toBe(CuttingStatus::COMPLETED);
+    });
+
+    test('guest cannot transition status', function () {
+        $cutting = createCuttingWithMaterialsAndResults();
+
+        $this->post(route('admin.manage.cuttings.transition_status', $cutting), [
+            'status' => CuttingStatus::COMPLETED->value,
+        ])->assertRedirect(route('login'));
+    });
+
+    test('user without permission cannot complete cutting', function () {
+        $user = createCuttingUserWithPermission(PermissionEnum::CUTTINGS_VIEW);
+
+        $cutting = createCuttingWithMaterialsAndResults($user);
+
+        $this->actingAs($user)
+            ->post(route('admin.manage.cuttings.transition_status', $cutting), [
+                'status' => CuttingStatus::COMPLETED->value,
+            ])
+            ->assertForbidden();
+    });
+
+    test('invalid status transition is rejected', function () {
+        $user = createCuttingUserWithPermission(PermissionEnum::CUTTINGS_VIEW, PermissionEnum::CUTTINGS_COMPLETE, PermissionEnum::CUTTINGS_VERIFY);
+
+        $cutting = createCuttingWithMaterialsAndResults($user);
+
+        // IN_PROGRESS cannot go directly to VERIFIED
+        $this->actingAs($user)
+            ->post(route('admin.manage.cuttings.transition_status', $cutting), [
+                'status' => CuttingStatus::VERIFIED->value,
+            ])
+            ->assertSessionHasErrors('status');
+    });
+
+    test('completed cutting can be verified by owner', function () {
+        $user = createCuttingUserWithPermission(PermissionEnum::CUTTINGS_VIEW, PermissionEnum::CUTTINGS_COMPLETE, PermissionEnum::CUTTINGS_VERIFY);
+        $user->assignRole('owner');
+        $user->forgetCachedPermissions();
+
+        $cutting = createCuttingWithMaterialsAndResults($user);
+
+        // First complete
+        $this->actingAs($user)
+            ->post(route('admin.manage.cuttings.transition_status', $cutting), [
+                'status' => CuttingStatus::COMPLETED->value,
+            ]);
+
+        expect($cutting->fresh()->status)->toBe(CuttingStatus::COMPLETED);
+
+        // Then verify with result_prices
+        $result = $cutting->results->first();
+
+        $this->actingAs($user)
+            ->post(route('admin.manage.cuttings.transition_status', $cutting), [
+                'status' => CuttingStatus::VERIFIED->value,
+                'results' => [
+                    [
+                        'product_variant_id' => $result->product_variant_id,
+                        'sample' => $result->sample ?? 0,
+                        'original_outside_sample' => $result->original_outside_sample ?? 0,
+                    ],
+                ],
+                'result_prices' => [
+                    [
+                        'product_variant_id' => $result->product_variant_id,
+                        'prices' => [
+                            ['type' => 'retail', 'price' => 150000],
+                        ],
+                    ],
+                ],
+            ]);
+
+        expect($cutting->fresh()->status)->toBe(CuttingStatus::VERIFIED);
+    });
+});
+
+// ─── Cutting Model ────────────────────────────────────────
+
+describe('Cutting Model', function () {
+    test('cutting uses soft deletes', function () {
+        $cutting = Cutting::factory()->create();
+
+        $cutting->delete();
+
+        expect($cutting->trashed())->toBeTrue();
+    });
+
+    test('cutting has status cast to enum', function () {
+        $cutting = Cutting::factory()->create(['status' => CuttingStatus::IN_PROGRESS->value]);
+
+        expect($cutting->status)->toBe(CuttingStatus::IN_PROGRESS);
+    });
+
+    test('cutting has status label accessor', function () {
+        $cutting = Cutting::factory()->create(['status' => CuttingStatus::IN_PROGRESS->value]);
+
+        expect($cutting->status_label)->toBe('Proses');
+    });
+
+    test('cutting can have materials', function () {
+        $cutting = Cutting::factory()->create();
+        CuttingMaterial::factory()->count(3)->create(['cutting_id' => $cutting->id]);
+
+        expect($cutting->fresh()->materials)->toHaveCount(3);
+    });
+
+    test('cutting can have results', function () {
+        $cutting = Cutting::factory()->create();
+        CuttingResult::factory()->count(2)->create(['cutting_id' => $cutting->id]);
+
+        expect($cutting->fresh()->results)->toHaveCount(2);
+    });
+
+    test('cutting belongs to created by user', function () {
+        $user = User::factory()->create();
+        $cutting = Cutting::factory()->create(['created_by_id' => $user->id]);
+
+        expect($cutting->createdBy)->not->toBeNull();
+        expect($cutting->createdBy->id)->toBe($user->id);
+    });
+
+    test('cutting status is editable for in_progress and rejected', function () {
+        $inProgress = Cutting::factory()->create(['status' => CuttingStatus::IN_PROGRESS->value]);
+        $rejected = Cutting::factory()->create(['status' => CuttingStatus::REJECTED->value]);
+
+        expect($inProgress->status->isEditable())->toBeTrue();
+        expect($rejected->status->isEditable())->toBeTrue();
+    });
+});
+
+// ─── CuttingMaterial Model ─────────────────────────────────
+
+describe('CuttingMaterial Model', function () {
+    test('cutting material has material_usage cast to decimal', function () {
+        $cutting = Cutting::factory()->create();
+        $material = CuttingMaterial::factory()->create([
+            'cutting_id' => $cutting->id,
+            'material_usage' => 10.5,
+        ]);
+
+        expect((float) $material->material_usage)->toBe(10.5);
+    });
+
+    test('cutting material belongs to cutting', function () {
+        $cutting = Cutting::factory()->create();
+        $material = CuttingMaterial::factory()->create(['cutting_id' => $cutting->id]);
+
+        expect($material->cutting)->not->toBeNull();
+        expect($material->cutting->id)->toBe($cutting->id);
+    });
+
+    test('cutting material uses soft deletes', function () {
+        $cutting = Cutting::factory()->create();
+        $material = CuttingMaterial::factory()->create(['cutting_id' => $cutting->id]);
+
+        $material->delete();
+
+        expect($material->trashed())->toBeTrue();
+    });
+});
+
+// ─── CuttingResult Model ───────────────────────────────────
+
+describe('CuttingResult Model', function () {
+    test('cutting result has integer casts', function () {
+        $cutting = Cutting::factory()->create();
+        $result = CuttingResult::factory()->create([
+            'cutting_id' => $cutting->id,
+            'cutting_result' => 50,
+            'sample' => 40,
+            'original_outside_sample' => 10,
+        ]);
+
+        expect($result->cutting_result)->toBeInt();
+        expect($result->sample)->toBeInt();
+        expect($result->original_outside_sample)->toBeInt();
+    });
+
+    test('cutting result belongs to cutting', function () {
+        $cutting = Cutting::factory()->create();
+        $result = CuttingResult::factory()->create(['cutting_id' => $cutting->id]);
+
+        expect($result->cutting)->not->toBeNull();
+        expect($result->cutting->id)->toBe($cutting->id);
+    });
+
+    test('cutting result uses soft deletes', function () {
+        $cutting = Cutting::factory()->create();
+        $result = CuttingResult::factory()->create(['cutting_id' => $cutting->id]);
+
+        $result->delete();
+
+        expect($result->trashed())->toBeTrue();
+    });
+});