diff --git a/app/Http/Controllers/Admin/Manage/Purchase/PurchaseController.php b/app/Http/Controllers/Admin/Manage/Purchase/PurchaseController.php
index 529c565..ae12670 100644
--- a/app/Http/Controllers/Admin/Manage/Purchase/PurchaseController.php
+++ b/app/Http/Controllers/Admin/Manage/Purchase/PurchaseController.php
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@
 
 namespace App\Http\Controllers\Admin\Manage\Purchase;
 
-use App\Enums\Permission;
 use App\Http\Controllers\Concerns\FlashesEntityMessage;
 use App\Http\Controllers\Concerns\ParsesDataTableQuery;
 use App\Http\Controllers\Controller;
@@ -50,11 +49,7 @@ public function store(PurchaseRequest $request): RedirectResponse
     {
         $this->purchaseService->create($request->validated(), $request->user());
 
-        if ($request->user()->can(Permission::OWNER_VERIFICATIONS_VERIFY->value)) {
-            $this->flashCreated('Belanja');
-        } else {
-            $this->flashSuccess('Belanja berhasil diajukan dan menunggu verifikasi owner.');
-        }
+        $this->flashCreated('Belanja');
 
         return redirect()->route('admin.manage.purchases.index');
     }
@@ -72,11 +67,7 @@ public function update(PurchaseRequest $request, Purchase $purchase): RedirectRe
     {
         $this->purchaseService->update($purchase, $request->validated(), $request->user());
 
-        if ($request->user()->can(Permission::OWNER_VERIFICATIONS_VERIFY->value)) {
-            $this->flashUpdated('Belanja');
-        } else {
-            $this->flashSuccess('Perubahan belanja berhasil diajukan dan menunggu verifikasi owner.');
-        }
+        $this->flashUpdated('Belanja');
 
         return redirect()->route('admin.manage.purchases.index');
     }
@@ -85,11 +76,7 @@ public function destroy(Request $request, Purchase $purchase): RedirectResponse
     {
         $this->purchaseService->delete($purchase, $request->user());
 
-        if ($request->user()->can(Permission::OWNER_VERIFICATIONS_VERIFY->value)) {
-            $this->flashDeleted('Belanja');
-        } else {
-            $this->flashSuccess('Penghapusan belanja berhasil diajukan dan menunggu verifikasi owner.');
-        }
+        $this->flashDeleted('Belanja');
 
         return redirect()->route('admin.manage.purchases.index');
     }
diff --git a/app/Http/Requests/Admin/Manage/PurchaseDraftItemRequest.php b/app/Http/Requests/Admin/Manage/PurchaseDraftItemRequest.php
index 1837c29..984eff8 100644
--- a/app/Http/Requests/Admin/Manage/PurchaseDraftItemRequest.php
+++ b/app/Http/Requests/Admin/Manage/PurchaseDraftItemRequest.php
@@ -25,6 +25,10 @@ public function rules(): array
                 Rule::exists('raw_material_prices', 'id')->whereNull('deleted_at'),
             ],
             'quantity' => ['required', 'numeric', 'decimal:0,4', 'gt:0'],
+            'photos' => ['nullable', 'array', 'max:5'],
+            'photos.*' => ['image', 'mimes:jpg,jpeg,png,webp', 'max:5120'],
+            's3_keys' => ['nullable', 'array', 'max:5'],
+            's3_keys.*' => ['nullable', 'string'],
         ];
     }
 }
diff --git a/app/Http/Requests/Admin/Manage/PurchaseNewRawMaterialRequest.php b/app/Http/Requests/Admin/Manage/PurchaseNewRawMaterialRequest.php
index 3c02163..0fa9d54 100644
--- a/app/Http/Requests/Admin/Manage/PurchaseNewRawMaterialRequest.php
+++ b/app/Http/Requests/Admin/Manage/PurchaseNewRawMaterialRequest.php
@@ -28,10 +28,10 @@ public function rules(): array
             'variant' => ['required', 'string', 'max:200'],
             'price' => ['required', 'integer', 'gt:0'],
             'quantity' => ['required', 'numeric', 'decimal:0,4', 'gt:0'],
-            'photos' => ['required_without:s3_keys', 'array', 'min:1', 'max:5'],
+            'photos' => ['nullable', 'array', 'max:5'],
             'photos.*' => ['image', 'mimes:jpg,jpeg,png,webp', 'max:5120'],
-            's3_keys' => ['required_without:photos', 'array', 'min:1', 'max:5'],
-            's3_keys.*' => ['required', 'string'],
+            's3_keys' => ['nullable', 'array', 'max:5'],
+            's3_keys.*' => ['nullable', 'string'],
         ];
     }
 
diff --git a/app/Services/Manage/PurchaseService.php b/app/Services/Manage/PurchaseService.php
index 385fcba..b145585 100644
--- a/app/Services/Manage/PurchaseService.php
+++ b/app/Services/Manage/PurchaseService.php
@@ -3,8 +3,6 @@
 namespace App\Services\Manage;
 
 use App\Enums\OwnerVerificationAction;
-use App\Enums\OwnerVerificationStatus;
-use App\Enums\Permission;
 use App\Models\OwnerVerificationRequest;
 use App\Models\Purchase;
 use App\Models\PurchaseItem;
@@ -214,6 +212,19 @@ public function syncDraftItem(array $validated, User $user): array
             ],
         );
 
+        if (! empty($validated['photos']) || ! empty($validated['s3_keys'])) {
+            $this->mediaService->syncCollection(
+                $price,
+                'images',
+                $validated['photos'] ?? null,
+                null,
+                5,
+                required: false,
+                errorKey: 'photos',
+                s3Keys: $validated['s3_keys'] ?? null,
+            );
+        }
+
         $item->load([
             'rawMaterialPrice.rawMaterial:id,name,unit',
             'rawMaterialPrice.media',
@@ -275,48 +286,18 @@ public function createRawMaterialAndDraft(array $validated, User $user): array
     {
         $data = $this->runInTransaction(
             function () use ($validated, $user): array {
-                $isOwner = $user->can(Permission::OWNER_VERIFICATIONS_VERIFY->value);
+                $rawMaterial = RawMaterial::create([
+                    'name' => $validated['name'],
+                    'unit' => $validated['unit'],
+                    'is_active' => true,
+                ]);
 
-                $rawMaterial = RawMaterial::withTrashed()
-                    ->where('name', $validated['name'])
-                    ->where('unit', $validated['unit'])
-                    ->first();
-
-                if ($rawMaterial) {
-                    if ($rawMaterial->trashed()) {
-                        $rawMaterial->restore();
-                    }
-                    if ($isOwner && ! $rawMaterial->is_active) {
-                        $rawMaterial->update(['is_active' => true]);
-                    }
-                } else {
-                    $rawMaterial = RawMaterial::create([
-                        'name' => $validated['name'],
-                        'unit' => $validated['unit'],
-                        'is_active' => $isOwner,
-                    ]);
-                }
-
-                $price = RawMaterialPrice::withTrashed()
-                    ->where('raw_material_id', $rawMaterial->id)
-                    ->where('variant', $validated['variant'])
-                    ->first();
-
-                if ($price) {
-                    if ($price->trashed()) {
-                        $price->restore();
-                    }
-                    $price->update([
-                        'price' => (int) $validated['price'],
-                    ]);
-                } else {
-                    $price = RawMaterialPrice::create([
-                        'raw_material_id' => $rawMaterial->id,
-                        'variant' => $validated['variant'],
-                        'price' => (int) $validated['price'],
-                        'stock' => 0.0,
-                    ]);
-                }
+                $price = RawMaterialPrice::create([
+                    'raw_material_id' => $rawMaterial->id,
+                    'variant' => $validated['variant'],
+                    'price' => (int) $validated['price'],
+                    'stock' => 0.0,
+                ]);
 
                 $quantity = (float) $validated['quantity'];
                 $unitPrice = (int) $price->price;
@@ -389,11 +370,9 @@ public function removeDraftItem(User $user, RawMaterialPrice $rawMaterialPrice):
 
     public function create(array $validated, User $user): Purchase
     {
-        $isOwner = $user->can(Permission::OWNER_VERIFICATIONS_VERIFY->value);
-
         $purchase = $this->runInTransaction(
-            function () use ($validated, $user, $isOwner): Purchase {
-                $resolvedItems = $this->processRequestItems($validated['items'] ?? [], $isOwner);
+            function () use ($validated, $user): Purchase {
+                $resolvedItems = $this->processRequestItems($validated['items'] ?? []);
 
                 $subtotal = array_sum(array_column($resolvedItems, 'subtotal'));
                 $discount = (int) ($validated['discount'] ?? 0);
@@ -423,22 +402,8 @@ function () use ($validated, $user, $isOwner): Purchase {
 
                 $purchase->load(['supplier', 'items.rawMaterialPrice.rawMaterial:id,name']);
 
-                if ($isOwner) {
-                    foreach ($purchase->items as $item) {
-                        $this->incrementStock($item);
-                    }
-                } else {
-                    OwnerVerificationRequest::create([
-                        'action' => OwnerVerificationAction::CREATE,
-                        'status' => OwnerVerificationStatus::PENDING,
-                        'subject_type' => Purchase::class,
-                        'subject_id' => $purchase->id,
-                        'submitted_by_id' => $user->id,
-                        'payload' => [
-                            'old' => null,
-                            'new' => $this->snapshotPurchase($purchase),
-                        ],
-                    ]);
+                foreach ($purchase->items as $item) {
+                    $this->incrementStock($item);
                 }
 
                 return $purchase;
@@ -446,109 +411,55 @@ function () use ($validated, $user, $isOwner): Purchase {
             'Gagal membuat pembelian',
         );
 
-        if (! $isOwner) {
-            $this->notifyForPendingRequest(
-                $user,
-                'Tambah Belanja',
-                "Pengajuan belanja dari supplier {$purchase->supplier->name} senilai {$purchase->total_formatted} oleh {$user->profile?->full_name} menunggu verifikasi owner.",
-                route('admin.manage.purchases.index', ['search_id' => $purchase->id]),
-                (string) $purchase->id,
-            );
-        }
+        $this->draftItemsQuery($user)->delete();
 
         $this->cacheForgetByPattern('manage:purchases:*');
 
+        $this->notifyPurchase(
+            'Belanja Baru',
+            "{$user->profile?->full_name} membuat belanja dari supplier {$purchase->supplier->name} senilai {$purchase->total_formatted}.",
+            route('admin.manage.purchases.index', ['search_id' => $purchase->id]),
+        );
+
         return $purchase;
     }
 
     public function update(Purchase $purchase, array $validated, User $user): void
     {
-        $isOwner = $user->can(Permission::OWNER_VERIFICATIONS_VERIFY->value);
         $purchase->load(['supplier', 'items.rawMaterialPrice.rawMaterial:id,name']);
 
         $this->runInTransaction(
-            function () use ($purchase, $validated, $user, $isOwner): void {
-                if ($isOwner) {
-                    $payload = $this->buildPayloadFromValidated($validated, $isOwner);
-                    $this->applyPayloadToPurchase($purchase, $payload);
+            function () use ($purchase, $validated): void {
+                $payload = $this->buildPayloadFromValidated($validated);
+                $this->applyPayloadToPurchase($purchase, $payload);
 
-                    if (($validated['photos'] ?? null) !== null || ($validated['remove_media_ids'] ?? []) !== []) {
-                        $this->syncPhotos($purchase, $validated);
-                    }
-                } else {
-                    $verificationRequest = OwnerVerificationRequest::create([
-                        'action' => OwnerVerificationAction::UPDATE,
-                        'status' => OwnerVerificationStatus::PENDING,
-                        'subject_type' => Purchase::class,
-                        'subject_id' => $purchase->id,
-                        'submitted_by_id' => $user->id,
-                        'payload' => [
-                            'old' => $this->snapshotPurchase($purchase),
-                            'new' => $this->buildPayloadFromValidated($validated, $isOwner),
-                        ],
-                    ]);
-
-                    if (($validated['photos'] ?? null) !== null || ($validated['remove_media_ids'] ?? []) !== []) {
-                        $this->syncRequestPhotos($verificationRequest, $validated);
-                    }
+                if (($validated['photos'] ?? null) !== null || ($validated['remove_media_ids'] ?? []) !== []) {
+                    $this->syncPhotos($purchase, $validated);
                 }
             },
             'Gagal memperbarui belanja',
         );
 
-        if (! $isOwner) {
-            $purchase->load('supplier');
-
-            $this->notifyForPendingRequest(
-                $user,
-                'Ubah Belanja',
-                "Pengajuan ubah belanja dari supplier {$purchase->supplier->name} oleh {$user->profile?->full_name} menunggu verifikasi owner.",
-                route('admin.manage.purchases.index', ['search_id' => $purchase->id]),
-                (string) $purchase->id,
-            );
-        }
-
         $this->cacheForgetByPattern('manage:purchases:*');
+
+        $this->notifyPurchase(
+            'Belanja Diubah',
+            "{$user->profile?->full_name} mengubah belanja dari supplier {$purchase->supplier->name}.",
+            route('admin.manage.purchases.index', ['search_id' => $purchase->id]),
+        );
     }
 
     public function delete(Purchase $purchase, User $user): void
     {
-        $isOwner = $user->can(Permission::OWNER_VERIFICATIONS_VERIFY->value);
-
-        if ($isOwner) {
-            $this->executeDelete($purchase);
-            $this->cacheForgetByPattern('manage:purchases:*');
-
-            return;
-        }
-
-        $purchase->load(['supplier', 'items.rawMaterialPrice.rawMaterial:id,name']);
-
-        $this->runInTransaction(
-            function () use ($purchase, $user): void {
-                OwnerVerificationRequest::create([
-                    'action' => OwnerVerificationAction::DELETE,
-                    'status' => OwnerVerificationStatus::PENDING,
-                    'subject_type' => Purchase::class,
-                    'subject_id' => $purchase->id,
-                    'submitted_by_id' => $user->id,
-                    'payload' => [
-                        'old' => $this->snapshotPurchase($purchase),
-                        'new' => null,
-                    ],
-                ]);
-            },
-            'Gagal mengajukan penghapusan belanja',
-        );
-
         $purchase->load('supplier');
 
-        $this->notifyForPendingRequest(
-            $user,
-            'Hapus Belanja',
-            "Pengajuan hapus belanja dari supplier {$purchase->supplier->name} oleh {$user->profile?->full_name} menunggu verifikasi owner.",
-            route('admin.manage.purchases.index', ['search_id' => $purchase->id]),
-            (string) $purchase->id,
+        $this->executeDelete($purchase);
+        $this->cacheForgetByPattern('manage:purchases:*');
+
+        $this->notifyPurchase(
+            'Belanja Dihapus',
+            "{$user->profile?->full_name} menghapus belanja dari supplier {$purchase->supplier->name}.",
+            route('admin.manage.purchases.index'),
         );
     }
 
@@ -593,12 +504,6 @@ public function applyCreate(OwnerVerificationRequest $verificationRequest): void
                 'purchase' => 'Belanja tidak ditemukan.',
             ]);
         }
-
-        $purchase->load('items');
-
-        foreach ($purchase->items as $item) {
-            $this->incrementStock($item);
-        }
     }
 
     public function applyUpdate(OwnerVerificationRequest $verificationRequest): void
@@ -704,26 +609,23 @@ private function decrementStock(PurchaseItem $item): void
             ->decrement('stock', $item->quantity);
     }
 
-    private function notifyForPendingRequest(User $user, string $typeLabel, string $body, string $submitterUrl, ?string $search = null): void
+    private function notifyPurchase(string $typeLabel, string $body, string $url, ?string $userId = null): void
     {
-        $ownerUrl = route('admin.manage.purchases.index');
-        if ($search !== null) {
-            $ownerUrl = route('admin.manage.purchases.index', ['search_id' => $search]);
-        }
-
         $this->pushNotificationService->sendToRoles(
-            "📦 {$typeLabel} Menunggu Persetujuan Owner",
+            "📦 {$typeLabel}",
             $body,
             ['owner', 'developer'],
-            $ownerUrl,
+            $url,
         );
 
-        $this->pushNotificationService->sendToUser(
-            '📤 Pengajuan Terkirim',
-            $body,
-            $user->id,
-            $submitterUrl,
-        );
+        if ($userId !== null) {
+            $this->pushNotificationService->sendToUser(
+                '📦 Belanja',
+                $body,
+                $userId,
+                $url,
+            );
+        }
     }
 
     private function rejectCreate(OwnerVerificationRequest $verificationRequest): void
@@ -831,9 +733,9 @@ private function snapshotPurchase(Purchase $purchase): array
         ];
     }
 
-    private function buildPayloadFromValidated(array $validated, bool $isOwner): array
+    private function buildPayloadFromValidated(array $validated): array
     {
-        $lineItems = $this->enrichLineItems($this->processRequestItems($validated['items'], $isOwner));
+        $lineItems = $this->enrichLineItems($this->processRequestItems($validated['items']));
         $subtotal = array_sum(array_column($lineItems, 'subtotal'));
         $discount = (int) ($validated['discount'] ?? 0);
         $shippingCost = (int) ($validated['shipping_cost'] ?? 0);
@@ -853,7 +755,7 @@ private function buildPayloadFromValidated(array $validated, bool $isOwner): arr
         ];
     }
 
-    private function processRequestItems(array $items, bool $isOwner): array
+    private function processRequestItems(array $items): array
     {
         $resolvedItems = [];
 
@@ -868,14 +770,14 @@ private function processRequestItems(array $items, bool $isOwner): array
                 if ($rawMaterial->trashed()) {
                     $rawMaterial->restore();
                 }
-                if ($isOwner && ! $rawMaterial->is_active) {
+                if (! $rawMaterial->is_active) {
                     $rawMaterial->update(['is_active' => true]);
                 }
             } else {
                 $rawMaterial = RawMaterial::create([
                     'name' => $itemData['name'],
                     'unit' => $itemData['unit'],
-                    'is_active' => $isOwner,
+                    'is_active' => true,
                 ]);
             }
 
diff --git a/resources/js/pages/admin/manage/purchases/form/PurchasePosForm.vue b/resources/js/pages/admin/manage/purchases/form/PurchasePosForm.vue
index 96dde56..38c6acd 100644
--- a/resources/js/pages/admin/manage/purchases/form/PurchasePosForm.vue
+++ b/resources/js/pages/admin/manage/purchases/form/PurchasePosForm.vue
@@ -160,6 +160,8 @@ function applyPriceToAllVariants(sourceClientId: string) {
 }
 
 function addPrice() {
+    prices.value.forEach((price) => savePriceToDb(price));
+
     const newPrice: RawMaterialPriceFormItem = {
         client_id: createClientId(),
         variant: '',
@@ -315,6 +317,12 @@ async function savePriceToDb(price: typeof prices.value[0]) {
                 });
             }
 
+            if (price.media.newFileS3Keys.length > 0) {
+                price.media.newFileS3Keys.forEach((key) => {
+                    formData.append('s3_keys[]', key);
+                });
+            }
+
             const response = await apiFetch<{ item: any }>(
                 '/admin/manage/purchases/draft-items/new-raw-material',
                 {
@@ -324,19 +332,54 @@ async function savePriceToDb(price: typeof prices.value[0]) {
             );
 
             price.id = response.item.raw_material_price_id;
-            toast.success(`Varian "${price.variant}" berhasil disimpan.`);
+
+            if (response.item.images?.length > 0) {
+                price.media.existing = response.item.images;
+                price.media.newFiles = [];
+                price.media.newFileS3Keys = [];
+            }
         } else {
-            await apiFetch(
-                '/admin/manage/purchases/draft-items',
-                {
-                    method: 'POST',
-                    headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' },
-                    body: JSON.stringify({
-                        raw_material_price_id: price.id,
-                        quantity: Number(price.stock) || 0,
-                    }),
+            const hasNewPhotos = price.media.newFiles.length > 0 || price.media.newFileS3Keys.length > 0;
+
+            if (hasNewPhotos) {
+                const formData = new FormData();
+                formData.append('raw_material_price_id', String(price.id));
+                formData.append('quantity', String(Number(price.stock) || 0));
+
+                price.media.newFiles.forEach((file) => {
+                    formData.append('photos[]', file);
+                });
+
+                price.media.newFileS3Keys.forEach((key) => {
+                    formData.append('s3_keys[]', key);
+                });
+
+                const response = await apiFetch<{ item: any }>(
+                    '/admin/manage/purchases/draft-items',
+                    {
+                        method: 'POST',
+                        body: formData,
+                    }
+                );
+
+                if (response.item.images?.length > 0) {
+                    price.media.existing = response.item.images;
+                    price.media.newFiles = [];
+                    price.media.newFileS3Keys = [];
                 }
-            );
+            } else {
+                await apiFetch(
+                    '/admin/manage/purchases/draft-items',
+                    {
+                        method: 'POST',
+                        headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' },
+                        body: JSON.stringify({
+                            raw_material_price_id: price.id,
+                            quantity: Number(price.stock) || 0,
+                        }),
+                    }
+                );
+            }
         }
     } catch (error) {
         console.error(error);
@@ -349,6 +392,23 @@ const debouncedSave = debounce(async (price: typeof prices.value[0]) => {
     await savePriceToDb(price);
 }, 600);
 
+const prevUploadCount = ref(0);
+
+watch(
+    () => prices.value.reduce((sum, p) => sum + (p.media.pendingUploads || 0), 0),
+    (current, old) => {
+        prevUploadCount.value = old ?? 0;
+
+        if (old > 0 && current === 0) {
+            prices.value.forEach((price) => {
+                if (price.media.newFiles.length > 0 || price.media.newFileS3Keys.length > 0) {
+                    debouncedSave(price);
+                }
+            });
+        }
+    },
+);
+
 // Variant master form event interceptors
 function handleUpdateVariant(clientId: string, value: string) {
     setPriceField(clientId, 'variant', value);
diff --git a/tests/Feature/Admin/Manage/PurchaseTest.php b/tests/Feature/Admin/Manage/PurchaseTest.php
index 16b0ad3..2aff8af 100644
--- a/tests/Feature/Admin/Manage/PurchaseTest.php
+++ b/tests/Feature/Admin/Manage/PurchaseTest.php
@@ -1,9 +1,6 @@
 <?php
 
-use App\Enums\OwnerVerificationAction;
-use App\Enums\OwnerVerificationStatus;
 use App\Enums\Permission as PermissionEnum;
-use App\Models\OwnerVerificationRequest;
 use App\Models\Purchase;
 use App\Models\PurchaseItem;
 use App\Models\RawMaterial;
@@ -38,33 +35,6 @@ function createPurchaseUserWithPermission(PermissionEnum ...$permissions): User
     return $user;
 }
 
-function createPurchaseVerifierUser(): User
-{
-    $user = User::factory()->create();
-
-    $user->givePermissionTo([
-        PermissionEnum::DASHBOARD_VIEW->value,
-        PermissionEnum::OWNER_VERIFICATIONS_VIEW->value,
-        PermissionEnum::OWNER_VERIFICATIONS_VERIFY->value,
-        PermissionEnum::OWNER_VERIFICATIONS_REJECT->value,
-    ]);
-
-    $user->forgetCachedPermissions();
-
-    return $user;
-}
-
-function approveLatestPurchaseVerificationRequest(User $verifier): OwnerVerificationRequest
-{
-    $verificationRequest = OwnerVerificationRequest::query()->pending()->latest()->firstOrFail();
-
-    test()->actingAs($verifier)
-        ->post(route('admin.manage.owner_verifications.approve_request', $verificationRequest))
-        ->assertRedirect();
-
-    return $verificationRequest->fresh();
-}
-
 function getPurchaseItemsPayload(RawMaterialPrice $price, float $quantity = 2): array
 {
     $unit = $price->rawMaterial->unit;
@@ -82,290 +52,6 @@ function getPurchaseItemsPayload(RawMaterialPrice $price, float $quantity = 2):
     ];
 }
 
-describe('Purchase Owner Verification', function () {
-    test('create purchase submits verification without changing stock', function () {
-        $user = createPurchaseUserWithPermission(
-            PermissionEnum::PURCHASES_VIEW,
-            PermissionEnum::PURCHASES_CREATE,
-        );
-
-        $supplier = Supplier::factory()->create();
-        $price = RawMaterialPrice::factory()->create(['stock' => 10]);
-        $initialStock = (float) $price->stock;
-
-        $this->actingAs($user)
-            ->postJson(route('admin.manage.purchases.draft_items.store'), [
-                'raw_material_price_id' => $price->id,
-                'quantity' => 2,
-            ])
-            ->assertOk();
-
-        $this->actingAs($user)
-            ->post(route('admin.manage.purchases.store'), [
-                'supplier_id' => $supplier->id,
-                'discount' => 0,
-                'shipping_cost' => 0,
-                'notes' => 'Belanja test',
-                'items' => getPurchaseItemsPayload($price, 2),
-            ])
-            ->assertRedirect(route('admin.manage.purchases.index'));
-
-        $purchase = Purchase::query()->latest()->first();
-
-        expect($purchase)->not->toBeNull();
-
-        $this->assertDatabaseHas('owner_verification_requests', [
-            'subject_type' => Purchase::class,
-            'subject_id' => $purchase->id,
-            'action' => OwnerVerificationAction::CREATE->value,
-            'status' => OwnerVerificationStatus::PENDING->value,
-        ]);
-
-        expect((float) $price->fresh()->stock)->toBe($initialStock);
-    });
-
-    test('approving create purchase increments stock', function () {
-        $user = createPurchaseUserWithPermission(
-            PermissionEnum::PURCHASES_VIEW,
-            PermissionEnum::PURCHASES_CREATE,
-        );
-        $verifier = createPurchaseVerifierUser();
-
-        $supplier = Supplier::factory()->create();
-        $price = RawMaterialPrice::factory()->create(['stock' => 10]);
-
-        $this->actingAs($user)
-            ->postJson(route('admin.manage.purchases.draft_items.store'), [
-                'raw_material_price_id' => $price->id,
-                'quantity' => 2,
-            ])
-            ->assertOk();
-
-        $this->actingAs($user)
-            ->post(route('admin.manage.purchases.store'), [
-                'supplier_id' => $supplier->id,
-                'discount' => 0,
-                'shipping_cost' => 0,
-                'items' => getPurchaseItemsPayload($price, 2),
-            ])
-            ->assertRedirect(route('admin.manage.purchases.index'));
-
-        approveLatestPurchaseVerificationRequest($verifier);
-
-        expect((float) $price->fresh()->stock)->toBe(12.0);
-    });
-
-    test('update purchase submits verification request only', function () {
-        $user = createPurchaseUserWithPermission(
-            PermissionEnum::PURCHASES_VIEW,
-            PermissionEnum::PURCHASES_CREATE,
-            PermissionEnum::PURCHASES_UPDATE,
-        );
-        $verifier = createPurchaseVerifierUser();
-
-        $supplier = Supplier::factory()->create();
-        $price = RawMaterialPrice::factory()->create(['stock' => 10, 'price' => 50_000]);
-        $otherPrice = RawMaterialPrice::factory()->create(['stock' => 5, 'price' => 30_000]);
-
-        $this->actingAs($user)
-            ->postJson(route('admin.manage.purchases.draft_items.store'), [
-                'raw_material_price_id' => $price->id,
-                'quantity' => 2,
-            ])
-            ->assertOk();
-
-        $this->actingAs($user)
-            ->post(route('admin.manage.purchases.store'), [
-                'supplier_id' => $supplier->id,
-                'discount' => 0,
-                'shipping_cost' => 0,
-                'items' => getPurchaseItemsPayload($price, 2),
-            ])
-            ->assertRedirect(route('admin.manage.purchases.index'));
-
-        approveLatestPurchaseVerificationRequest($verifier);
-
-        $purchase = Purchase::query()->latest()->firstOrFail();
-        $originalTotal = $purchase->total;
-
-        $this->actingAs($user)
-            ->put(route('admin.manage.purchases.update', $purchase), [
-                'supplier_id' => $supplier->id,
-                'discount' => 1000,
-                'shipping_cost' => 0,
-                'notes' => 'Ubah belanja',
-                'items' => getPurchaseItemsPayload($otherPrice, 1),
-            ])
-            ->assertRedirect(route('admin.manage.purchases.index'));
-
-        $this->assertDatabaseHas('owner_verification_requests', [
-            'subject_type' => Purchase::class,
-            'subject_id' => $purchase->id,
-            'action' => OwnerVerificationAction::UPDATE->value,
-            'status' => OwnerVerificationStatus::PENDING->value,
-        ]);
-
-        expect($purchase->fresh()->total)->toBe($originalTotal);
-    });
-
-    test('delete purchase submits verification request only', function () {
-        $user = createPurchaseUserWithPermission(
-            PermissionEnum::PURCHASES_VIEW,
-            PermissionEnum::PURCHASES_CREATE,
-            PermissionEnum::PURCHASES_DELETE,
-        );
-        $verifier = createPurchaseVerifierUser();
-
-        $supplier = Supplier::factory()->create();
-        $price = RawMaterialPrice::factory()->create(['stock' => 10]);
-
-        $this->actingAs($user)
-            ->postJson(route('admin.manage.purchases.draft_items.store'), [
-                'raw_material_price_id' => $price->id,
-                'quantity' => 2,
-            ])
-            ->assertOk();
-
-        $this->actingAs($user)
-            ->post(route('admin.manage.purchases.store'), [
-                'supplier_id' => $supplier->id,
-                'discount' => 0,
-                'shipping_cost' => 0,
-                'items' => getPurchaseItemsPayload($price, 2),
-            ])
-            ->assertRedirect(route('admin.manage.purchases.index'));
-
-        approveLatestPurchaseVerificationRequest($verifier);
-
-        $purchase = Purchase::query()->latest()->firstOrFail();
-
-        $this->actingAs($user)
-            ->delete(route('admin.manage.purchases.destroy', $purchase))
-            ->assertRedirect(route('admin.manage.purchases.index'));
-
-        $this->assertDatabaseHas('owner_verification_requests', [
-            'subject_type' => Purchase::class,
-            'subject_id' => $purchase->id,
-            'action' => OwnerVerificationAction::DELETE->value,
-            'status' => OwnerVerificationStatus::PENDING->value,
-        ]);
-
-        expect(Purchase::query()->whereKey($purchase->id)->exists())->toBeTrue();
-        expect((float) $price->fresh()->stock)->toBe(12.0);
-    });
-
-    test('rejecting create purchase deletes purchase without changing stock', function () {
-        $user = createPurchaseUserWithPermission(
-            PermissionEnum::PURCHASES_VIEW,
-            PermissionEnum::PURCHASES_CREATE,
-        );
-        $verifier = createPurchaseVerifierUser();
-
-        $supplier = Supplier::factory()->create();
-        $price = RawMaterialPrice::factory()->create(['stock' => 10]);
-
-        $this->actingAs($user)
-            ->postJson(route('admin.manage.purchases.draft_items.store'), [
-                'raw_material_price_id' => $price->id,
-                'quantity' => 2,
-            ])
-            ->assertOk();
-
-        $this->actingAs($user)
-            ->post(route('admin.manage.purchases.store'), [
-                'supplier_id' => $supplier->id,
-                'discount' => 0,
-                'shipping_cost' => 0,
-                'items' => getPurchaseItemsPayload($price, 2),
-            ])
-            ->assertRedirect(route('admin.manage.purchases.index'));
-
-        $purchase = Purchase::query()->latest()->firstOrFail();
-        $verificationRequest = OwnerVerificationRequest::query()->pending()->latest()->firstOrFail();
-
-        $this->actingAs($verifier)
-            ->post(route('admin.manage.owner_verifications.reject_request', $verificationRequest), [
-                'reason' => 'Tidak sesuai',
-            ])
-            ->assertRedirect();
-
-        expect(Purchase::query()->whereKey($purchase->id)->exists())->toBeFalse();
-        expect(PurchaseItem::query()->where('purchase_id', $purchase->id)->exists())->toBeFalse();
-        expect((float) $price->fresh()->stock)->toBe(10.0);
-    });
-
-    test('pending purchase blocks edit route', function () {
-        $user = createPurchaseUserWithPermission(
-            PermissionEnum::PURCHASES_VIEW,
-            PermissionEnum::PURCHASES_CREATE,
-            PermissionEnum::PURCHASES_UPDATE,
-        );
-
-        $supplier = Supplier::factory()->create();
-        $price = RawMaterialPrice::factory()->create(['stock' => 10]);
-
-        $this->actingAs($user)
-            ->postJson(route('admin.manage.purchases.draft_items.store'), [
-                'raw_material_price_id' => $price->id,
-                'quantity' => 2,
-            ])
-            ->assertOk();
-
-        $this->actingAs($user)
-            ->post(route('admin.manage.purchases.store'), [
-                'supplier_id' => $supplier->id,
-                'discount' => 0,
-                'shipping_cost' => 0,
-                'items' => getPurchaseItemsPayload($price, 2),
-            ])
-            ->assertRedirect(route('admin.manage.purchases.index'));
-
-        $purchase = Purchase::query()->latest()->firstOrFail();
-
-        $this->actingAs($user)
-            ->get(route('admin.manage.purchases.edit', $purchase))
-            ->assertRedirect(route('admin.manage.purchases.index'));
-    });
-
-    test('purchase index exposes pending verification state', function () {
-        $user = createPurchaseUserWithPermission(
-            PermissionEnum::PURCHASES_VIEW,
-            PermissionEnum::PURCHASES_CREATE,
-        );
-
-        $supplier = Supplier::factory()->create();
-        $price = RawMaterialPrice::factory()->create(['stock' => 10]);
-
-        $this->actingAs($user)
-            ->postJson(route('admin.manage.purchases.draft_items.store'), [
-                'raw_material_price_id' => $price->id,
-                'quantity' => 2,
-            ])
-            ->assertOk();
-
-        $this->actingAs($user)
-            ->post(route('admin.manage.purchases.store'), [
-                'supplier_id' => $supplier->id,
-                'discount' => 0,
-                'shipping_cost' => 0,
-                'items' => getPurchaseItemsPayload($price, 2),
-            ])
-            ->assertRedirect(route('admin.manage.purchases.index'));
-
-        $purchase = Purchase::query()->latest()->firstOrFail();
-
-        $response = $this->actingAs($user)
-            ->get(route('admin.manage.purchases.index'));
-
-        $response->assertOk();
-        $response->assertInertia(fn ($page) => $page
-            ->where('purchases.data.0.id', $purchase->id)
-            ->where('purchases.data.0.has_pending_request', true)
-            ->where('purchases.data.0.pending_request_action', OwnerVerificationAction::CREATE->value)
-        );
-    });
-});
-
 // ─── Index ────────────────────────────────────────────────
 
 describe('Purchase Index', function () {
@@ -510,7 +196,6 @@ function getPurchaseItemsPayload(RawMaterialPrice $price, float $quantity = 2):
 describe('Purchase Edit', function () {
     test('authenticated user with permission can view edit form', function () {
         $user = createPurchaseUserWithPermission(PermissionEnum::PURCHASES_VIEW, PermissionEnum::PURCHASES_CREATE, PermissionEnum::PURCHASES_UPDATE);
-        $verifier = createPurchaseVerifierUser();
 
         $supplier = Supplier::factory()->create();
         $price = RawMaterialPrice::factory()->create(['stock' => 10]);
@@ -530,8 +215,6 @@ function getPurchaseItemsPayload(RawMaterialPrice $price, float $quantity = 2):
                 'items' => getPurchaseItemsPayload($price, 2),
             ]);
 
-        approveLatestPurchaseVerificationRequest($verifier);
-
         $purchase = Purchase::query()->latest()->firstOrFail();
 
         $this->actingAs($user)
@@ -561,7 +244,6 @@ function getPurchaseItemsPayload(RawMaterialPrice $price, float $quantity = 2):
 describe('Purchase Update Validation', function () {
     test('items is required on update', function () {
         $user = createPurchaseUserWithPermission(PermissionEnum::PURCHASES_VIEW, PermissionEnum::PURCHASES_CREATE, PermissionEnum::PURCHASES_UPDATE);
-        $verifier = createPurchaseVerifierUser();
 
         $supplier = Supplier::factory()->create();
         $price = RawMaterialPrice::factory()->create(['stock' => 10]);
@@ -581,8 +263,6 @@ function getPurchaseItemsPayload(RawMaterialPrice $price, float $quantity = 2):
                 'items' => getPurchaseItemsPayload($price, 2),
             ]);
 
-        approveLatestPurchaseVerificationRequest($verifier);
-
         $purchase = Purchase::query()->latest()->firstOrFail();
 
         $this->actingAs($user)
@@ -842,7 +522,7 @@ function getPurchaseItemsPayload(RawMaterialPrice $price, float $quantity = 2):
         ]);
     });
 
-    test('store new raw material fails if photo/s3_keys is missing', function () {
+    test('store new raw material succeeds without photo/s3_keys', function () {
         $user = createPurchaseUserWithPermission(
             PermissionEnum::PURCHASES_VIEW,
             PermissionEnum::PURCHASES_CREATE,
@@ -856,11 +536,34 @@ function getPurchaseItemsPayload(RawMaterialPrice $price, float $quantity = 2):
                 'price' => 25000,
                 'quantity' => 10,
             ])
-            ->assertStatus(422)
-            ->assertJsonValidationErrors(['photos', 's3_keys']);
+            ->assertOk()
+            ->assertJsonPath('item.raw_material_name', 'Kain Toyobo Baru')
+            ->assertJsonPath('item.variant', 'Standard')
+            ->assertJsonPath('item.unit_abbreviation', 'yard');
+
+        $this->assertDatabaseHas('raw_materials', [
+            'name' => 'Kain Toyobo Baru',
+            'unit' => 'yard',
+        ]);
+
+        $this->assertDatabaseHas('raw_material_prices', [
+            'variant' => 'Standard',
+            'price' => 25000,
+            'stock' => 0.0,
+        ]);
+
+        $rawMaterialPrice = RawMaterialPrice::where('variant', 'Standard')
+            ->whereHas('rawMaterial', fn ($q) => $q->where('name', 'Kain Toyobo Baru'))
+            ->first();
+
+        $this->assertDatabaseHas('purchase_items', [
+            'raw_material_price_id' => $rawMaterialPrice->id,
+            'quantity' => 10,
+            'purchase_id' => null,
+        ]);
     });
 
-    test('store new raw material reuses existing raw material if name and unit match', function () {
+    test('store new raw material creates new records even if same name and unit exist', function () {
         $user = createPurchaseUserWithPermission(
             PermissionEnum::PURCHASES_VIEW,
             PermissionEnum::PURCHASES_CREATE,
@@ -897,34 +600,32 @@ function getPurchaseItemsPayload(RawMaterialPrice $price, float $quantity = 2):
             ])
             ->assertOk();
 
-        // Check that raw_materials table only has 1 record for this name
+        // Duplicates are fine — each creates its own raw_material
         $rawMaterialsCount = RawMaterial::where('name', 'Kain Toyobo Unik')->count();
-        expect($rawMaterialsCount)->toBe(1);
+        expect($rawMaterialsCount)->toBe(2);
 
-        // Check that raw_material_prices has both variants for the same raw_material_id
-        $rawMaterial = RawMaterial::where('name', 'Kain Toyobo Unik')->first();
         $this->assertDatabaseHas('raw_material_prices', [
-            'raw_material_id' => $rawMaterial->id,
             'variant' => 'Standard',
             'price' => 25000,
         ]);
         $this->assertDatabaseHas('raw_material_prices', [
-            'raw_material_id' => $rawMaterial->id,
             'variant' => 'Premium',
             'price' => 30000,
         ]);
     });
 
-    test('store new raw material increments draft item quantity if same variant is added again', function () {
+    test('store new raw material creates separate draft items for same variant name', function () {
         $user = createPurchaseUserWithPermission(
             PermissionEnum::PURCHASES_VIEW,
             PermissionEnum::PURCHASES_CREATE,
         );
 
         $disk = config('filesystems.default') === 's3' ? 's3' : config('filesystems.default', 'public');
-        $key = 'raw-materials/'.Str::uuid().'.jpg';
+        $key1 = 'raw-materials/'.Str::uuid().'.jpg';
+        $key2 = 'raw-materials/'.Str::uuid().'.jpg';
         $imageContent = UploadedFile::fake()->image('Standard.jpg', 100, 100)->get();
-        Storage::disk($disk)->put($key, $imageContent);
+        Storage::disk($disk)->put($key1, $imageContent);
+        Storage::disk($disk)->put($key2, $imageContent);
 
         // Add standard variant first time (qty = 10)
         $this->actingAs($user)
@@ -934,12 +635,12 @@ function getPurchaseItemsPayload(RawMaterialPrice $price, float $quantity = 2):
                 'variant' => 'Standard',
                 'price' => 25000,
                 'quantity' => 10,
-                's3_keys' => [$key],
+                's3_keys' => [$key1],
             ])
             ->assertOk()
             ->assertJsonPath('item.quantity', '10');
 
-        // Add same variant second time (qty = 5)
+        // Add same variant second time — creates separate draft item (qty = 5)
         $this->actingAs($user)
             ->postJson(route('admin.manage.purchases.draft_items.store_new_raw_material'), [
                 'name' => 'Kain Toyobo Sama',
@@ -947,9 +648,9 @@ function getPurchaseItemsPayload(RawMaterialPrice $price, float $quantity = 2):
                 'variant' => 'Standard',
                 'price' => 25000,
                 'quantity' => 5,
-                's3_keys' => [$key],
+                's3_keys' => [$key2],
             ])
             ->assertOk()
-            ->assertJsonPath('item.quantity', '15'); // 10 + 5
+            ->assertJsonPath('item.quantity', '5');
     });
 });