diff --git a/app/Console/Commands/MigrateNewsCommand.php b/app/Console/Commands/MigrateNewsCommand.php
index 60d55a3..8fe8088 100644
--- a/app/Console/Commands/MigrateNewsCommand.php
+++ b/app/Console/Commands/MigrateNewsCommand.php
@@ -5,7 +5,9 @@
 use App\Enums\NewsStatus;
 use App\Models\News;
 use Illuminate\Console\Command;
+use Illuminate\Support\Carbon;
 use Illuminate\Support\Facades\DB;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Storage;
 use Illuminate\Support\Str;
 
 class MigrateNewsCommand extends Command
@@ -22,63 +24,154 @@ class MigrateNewsCommand extends Command
      *
      * @var string
      */
-    protected $description = 'Migrate news data from legacy table where category = 1';
+    protected $description = 'Migrate news data from legacy table with optimized processing and detailed output';
+
+    /**
+     * Store migrated news IDs to optimize processing.
+     */
+    private array $migratedIds = [];
 
     /**
      * Execute the console command.
      */
     public function handle()
     {
-        $this->info('Starting news migration...');
-
         $legacyConn = DB::connection('mysql_second');
+        $query = $legacyConn->table('news')->where('category', '0');
 
-        // Get legacy news with category 1
-        $legacyNews = $legacyConn->table('news')
-            ->where('category', '0')
-            ->get();
-
-        if ($legacyNews->isEmpty()) {
-            $this->warn('No news found with category 1.');
+        $totalCount = $query->count();
+        if ($totalCount === 0) {
+            $this->warn('No news found with category 0.');
 
             return;
         }
 
-        // Get a default author ID (prefer Developer or Admin)
-        $defaultAuthorId = DB::table('users')->first()?->id ?? 1;
-        $this->withProgressBar($legacyNews, function ($legacy) use ($defaultAuthorId) {
-            // Use updateOrInsert for the basic record
-            DB::table('news')->updateOrInsert(
-                ['id' => $legacy->id],
-                [
-                    'author_id' => $defaultAuthorId,
-                    'title' => $legacy->title,
-                    'slug' => Str::slug($legacy->title).'-'.$legacy->id,
-                    'content' => $legacy->content,
-                    'excerpt' => Str::limit(strip_tags($legacy->content), 160),
-                    'link' => $legacy->link ? Str::limit($legacy->link, 50, '') : null,
-                    'views' => 0,
-                    'status' => NewsStatus::PUBLISHED->value,
-                    'published_at' => $legacy->created_at,
-                    'created_at' => $legacy->created_at ?? now(),
-                    'updated_at' => $legacy->updated_at ?? now(),
-                    'deleted_at' => $legacy->deleted_at,
-                ]
-            );
+        $this->info("Found {$totalCount} legacy news records.");
 
-            // Handle Tags using the Model (if tag exists in legacy)
-            if (! empty($legacy->tag)) {
-                $news = News::find($legacy->id);
-                if ($news) {
-                    // split by comma or other delimiter if multiple tags,
-                    // legacy 'tag' column is varchar(20), likely a single tag or comma separated
-                    $tags = array_filter(array_map('trim', explode(',', $legacy->tag)));
-                    $news->syncTags($tags);
-                }
+        // Cache existing news IDs with media to avoid N+1 media queries
+        $this->migratedIds = DB::table('media')
+            ->where('model_type', News::class)
+            ->where('collection_name', 'news')
+            ->pluck('model_id')
+            ->flip()
+            ->all();
+
+        // Process in chunks for memory efficiency
+        $query->orderBy('id')->chunk(50, function ($chunk) {
+            foreach ($chunk as $legacy) {
+                $this->processNews($legacy);
             }
         });
-        $this->newLine();
 
+        $this->newLine();
         $this->info('News migration completed successfully!');
     }
+
+    /**
+     * Process a single legacy news record.
+     */
+    private function processNews($legacy): void
+    {
+        $idText = "[#{$legacy->id}]";
+        $idOutput = $legacy->deleted_at ? "<fg=red>{$idText}</>" : "<info>{$idText}</info>";
+
+        $this->output->write("{$idOutput} Processing: <comment>".Str::limit($legacy->title, 40).'</comment>... ');
+
+        // Step 1: Basic data update (Always sync basic info)
+        DB::table('news')->updateOrInsert(
+            ['id' => $legacy->id],
+            [
+                'author_id' => $legacy->enhancer,
+                'title' => $legacy->title,
+                'slug' => Str::slug($legacy->title).'-'.$legacy->id,
+                'content' => $legacy->content,
+                'excerpt' => Str::limit(strip_tags($legacy->content), 160),
+                'link' => $legacy->link ? Str::limit($legacy->link, 255, '') : null,
+                'views' => 0,
+                'status' => NewsStatus::PUBLISHED->value,
+                'published_at' => $legacy->created_at,
+                'created_at' => $legacy->created_at ?? now(),
+                'updated_at' => $legacy->updated_at ?? now(),
+                'deleted_at' => $legacy->deleted_at,
+            ]
+        );
+
+        // Step 2: Skip heavy operations (tags & media) if record already has media
+        if (isset($this->migratedIds[$legacy->id])) {
+            $this->output->writeln('<info>SKIP</info>');
+
+            return;
+        }
+
+        $news = News::withTrashed()->find($legacy->id);
+        if (! $news) {
+            $this->output->writeln('<error>NOT FOUND</error>');
+
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // Step 3: Handle Tags
+        if (! empty($legacy->tag)) {
+            $tags = array_filter(array_map('trim', explode(',', $legacy->tag)));
+            $news->syncTags($tags);
+        }
+
+        // Step 4: Handle Media
+        if (! empty($legacy->image)) {
+            $this->migrateMedia($news, $legacy);
+        } else {
+            $this->output->writeln('<info>DONE</info>');
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Migrate media for a news record.
+     */
+    private function migrateMedia(News $news, $legacy): void
+    {
+        $filename = trim(basename($legacy->image));
+        $sourcePath = 'old data/news/'.$filename;
+
+        $exists = false;
+        $attempts = 0;
+        $maxAttempts = 3;
+
+        while ($attempts < $maxAttempts) {
+            try {
+                $exists = Storage::disk('s3')->exists($sourcePath);
+                break;
+            } catch (\Exception $e) {
+                $attempts++;
+                if ($attempts >= $maxAttempts) {
+                    $actualError = $e->getPrevious() ? $e->getPrevious()->getMessage() : $e->getMessage();
+                    $this->output->writeln("<error>S3 ERROR ({$attempts}x): ".$actualError.'</error>');
+
+                    return;
+                }
+                usleep(200000);
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (! $exists) {
+            $this->output->writeln('<error>IMAGE MISSING</error>');
+
+            return;
+        }
+
+        try {
+            $date = Carbon::parse($legacy->created_at ?? now())->toDateString();
+
+            $news->addMediaFromDisk($sourcePath, 's3')
+                ->withCustomProperties([
+                    'feature' => 'news',
+                    'date' => $date,
+                ])
+                ->preservingOriginal()
+                ->toMediaCollection('news', 's3');
+
+            $this->output->writeln('<info>DONE + IMG</info>');
+        } catch (\Exception $e) {
+            $this->output->writeln("<error>FAILED: {$e->getMessage()}</error>");
+        }
+    }
 }